Animal cell
- Animal cells are the fundamental units of structure and function in animals.
- They are eukaryotic cells, characterized by a well-defined nucleus enclosed within a membrane.
Structure of Animal Cell
|
Organelle |
Function |
|
1) Cell Membrane |
A double layer that supports and protects the cell. Allows materials in and out. |
|
2) Lysosome |
Contains digestive enzymes that destroy damaged organelles and invaders. |
|
3) Cytoplasm |
Jelly-like fluid that surrounds and protects the organelles. |
|
4) Nucleus |
The control center of the cell. Contains the DNA |
|
5) Nuclear Membrane |
Surrounds the nucleus. |
|
6) Nucleolus |
A round structure in the nucleus that makes ribosomes. |
|
7) Vacuole |
Stores food and water. |
|
8) Golgi Body |
Processes and packages materials for the cell. |
|
9) Mitochondria |
The “Powerhouse”. Breaks down food to produce energy in the form of ATP. |
|
10) Rough E.R. |
Builds and transports substances through the cell. Has ribosomes on it. |
|
11) Smooth E.R. |
Builds and transports substances through the cell. Does not have ribosomes. |
|
12) Ribosome |
Helps make protein for the cell. |
Functions of Animal Cells
a) Cellular Respiration: Mitochondria produce ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular processes.
b) Protein Synthesis: Endoplasmic reticulum (both rough and smooth) and Golgi apparatus are involved in the synthesis, modification, and packaging of proteins.
c) Genetic Regulation: Nucleus contains genetic material and regulates cell activities based on genetic instructions.
d) Cellular Transport: Cell membrane regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell.
e) Waste Management: Lysosomes break down waste materials and cellular debris.
f) Cell Division: Centrioles play a role in organizing the spindle fibers during cell division (mitosis).
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