A. Aorta
B. Vena cava
C. Pulmonary
D. Coronary
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A myocardial infarction refers to heart attack, which result from blockage of blood flowing into the heart.
Blocking is caused by the deposition of fat or cholesterol that forms plaque on the surface of coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is D.
Metabolism of proteins
Which of the following substances is excreted by sweat glands in response to the breakdown of proteins and the formation of ammonia?
A. Sebum
B. Urea
C. Lysozymes
D. Water
The Correct Answer is B.Proteins are nitrogen-based compounds, which when broken down release ammonia. Ammonia is a toxic substance to the body, and sebaceous glands coverts it to urea.
Which of the following statements best supports the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer?
A. Cellular DNA has sequences related to viral sequences
B. Cancerous and normal cells share genetic sequences
C. Genes that regulate cell division are found in some viruses
D. Viruses and cancer cells both replicate rapidly
The Correct Answer is C.Cancer is a condition caused by unregulated division of abnormal cells in parts of the body. For a virus to survive in an organism, it must enter into the host’s cell and take control of the cell’s most activities in order to be able to reproduce and replicate.
Some of the viruses achieve this by inserting their DNA or RNA to that of the host cell. This has a highly likelihood of affecting the DNA or RNA of a host (living organism) which alters their genes, which may lead to host cells becoming cancerous.
For this reason, viruses can cause cancer because the genes that regulate cell division in host cell are found in some viruses.
The Life Cycle of HIV
Which of the following allows the AIDS virus, which contains RNA, to insert viral DNA into the DNA of a host T-cell after the AIDS virus enters the cell?
A. Receptor proteins located on the surface of the virus
B. The protein that makes up the capsid of the virus
C. Reverse transcriptase, an enzyme encoded by the virus
D. The phospholipids found on the envelope of the virus
The Correct Answer is C.The AIDS virus (HIV virus) is Class VI or Group VI in the Baltimore Classification. Based on the Baltimore Classification, this specifically involves the reverse transcriptase enzyme and it is encoded by the virus.
This is the enzyme that will produce DNA molecules from the viral RNA. This is the mechanism involved where it will use the reverse transcriptase enzyme to insert viral DNA into the genetic material of the host cell.
If a portion of strand of DNA bases reads 5’ AGCTAGCGT 3’, what would the sequence of bases on the complementary strand read?
A. 5’ UCGAUCGCA 3’
B. 3’ TCGATCGCA 5’
C. 5’ TCGUTCGCU 3’
D. 3’ AGCTAGCGT 5’
The Correct Answer is B.The complimentary base pairing of DNA states that A pairs with T while C pairs with G. From the give sequence, the complimentary DNA strand will be 3’ TCGATCGCA 5’
Which of the following best describes veins?
A. thick walled, small lumens, low pressure, lack valves
B. thin walled, large lumens, low pressure, have valves
C. thin walled, small lumens, high pressure, have valves
D. thick walled, large lumens, high pressure, lack valves
The Correct Answer is B.Lithium has an atomic number of 3 and a mass number of 7.
Which of the following is the number of neutrons in a lithium atom?
A. 4
B. 7
C. 12
D. 3
The Correct Answer is A.The atom is identified by the atomic number in the periodic table. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons and mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Thus, to find how many neutrons are in lithium atom we use the formula below.
Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons.
Letting n be number of neutrons in the lithium atom, we have
7=3+n
Rearranging the above equation
3+n=7
n=7-3
n=4
Thus, lithium atom has 4 neutrons.
An atom of lead (Pb) has a mass number of 207. How many neutrons are in the nucleus?
A. 130
B. 125
C. 82
D. 84
The Correct Answer is B.We find the number of neutrons as follows
Number of neutrons
= mass number – atomic number
= 207 – 82
= 125 neutrons
Which of the following are structural features of the trachea?
A. C-shaped cartilage
B. Smooth muscle fibers
C. Cilia
D. All of the above
The Correct Answer is A.Building blocks of proteins
Which of the following organic molecules contain both an amine and carboxyl group?
A. Lipids
B. Proteins
C. Cellulose
D. Chitin
The Correct Answer is B.The basic building block of the protein is ammonia, which comprises of ammino group -NH2 and a carboxyl group, -COOH.
Which of the following best describes the result of using a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
A. A more desirable product is often formed
B. The reaction is completed in a shorter amount of time
C. The yield of product is increased
D. A greater amount of energy is released by the reaction
The Correct Answer is B.A catalyst is substance that speeds up the rate of converting reactants to products. They do by decreasing the activation energy of a reaction. If a catalyst increases the rate of reaction, then it means that the reaction takes a smaller time to come into completion.
Catalysts can be metals, ions or biological also known as enzymes. Catalysts are not consumed when the reaction is taking place.