A. To measure the oxygen levels at high elevation
B. To assess why the earlier expedition failed
C. To show that modem technology makes climbing safer
D. To identify routes that can be explored in future climbs
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The experienced mountain climber is replicating the conditions of the past expedition to understand why that earlier attempt was unsuccessful.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is B.
Which of the following types of cells stimulates other immune cells to attack and destroy foreign agents?
A. Cytotoxic T-cells
B. Plasma cells
C. Natural killer cells
D. Helper T-Cells
The Correct Answer is D.Helper T cells are important cells that stimulate the action of other immune cells. For instance, they not only help activate B cells to secrete antibodies and macrophages to destroy ingested microbes, but they also help activate cytotoxic T cells to kill infected target cells.
Which of the following correctly orders structures from simple to complex?
A. Organs, tissues, cells, atoms
B. Cell, tissues, atoms, organs
C. Atoms, organs, tissues, cells
D. Atoms, cells, tissues, organs
The Correct Answer is D.Rationale
Atoms are the smallest and most basic units of matter, and they can combine to form molecules. Cells are the basic units of life, and they are made of molecules. Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform a specific function, such as muscle tissue or nerve tissue. Organs are collections of tissues that form a larger structure.
Which of the following body systems breaks down proteins into amino acids?
A. Digestive
B. Excretory
C. Circulatory
D. Endocrine
The Correct Answer is A.The digestive system breaks down complex food substances into small and less complex absorbable compounds. Proteins, for instance, are broken down to constituent amino acids through a digestion process that combines mastication and enzymatic breakdown.
Which of the following processes causes most of the carbon dioxide from the blood to move into the alveoli?
A. Passive transport using carrier proteins
B. Conversion to carbon monoxide
C. Active transport using energy
D. Diffusion down a concentration gradient
The Correct Answer is D.Most of the carbon dioxide from the blood moves into the alveoli through the process of diffusion down a concentration gradient. In the lungs, there is a higher concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood compared to the alveoli. Its molecules, therefore, move from an area of higher concentration (blood) to an area of lower concentration (alveoli) until equilibrium is reached. This is a passive process and does not require energy or carrier proteins.
Which of the following tools can be used to measure the turbidity of a liquid by measuring the transmission of light through the sample?
A. Spectrophotometer
B. Centrifuge
C. Electro photometer
D. Microdensitometer
The Correct Answer is A.A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the intensity of light absorbed after it passes through a sample solution. With the spectrophotometer, the concentration of a chemical substance can be determined by measuring the intensity of light detected.
A study found two processes. Process A and Process B, are to be correlated.
Which of the following is true for these processes?
A. The study indicates that Process A causes Process B
B. The study cannot indicate whether Process A and B have a negative relationship
C. The study does not indicate a causal relationship between the processes.
D. The study cannot indicate whether Process A and B have a positive relationship
The Correct Answer is C.Correlation does not imply causation. Even if two processes are found to be correlated, it does not necessarily mean that one causes the other. It could be that they are both influenced by a third factor, or the correlation could be coincidental. Therefore, the study does not indicate a causal relationship between the processes.
Which of the following molecules contains the fewest covalent bonds?
A. Chlorine molecule
B. Ammonia molecule
C. Methane molecule
D. Water molecule
The Correct Answer is A.A chlorine molecule contains the fewest covalent bonds among the options provided. It consists of two chlorine atoms bonded together by a single covalent bond. Compared with the other options, ammonia has three covalent bonds, methane has 4 while water has 2.
Which of the following pathways best represents the expected flow of blood from the human heart to an organ?
A. Blood pumped from the heart first enters arterioles that then merge to form arteries that deliver blood to the organ
B. Blood pumped from the heart first enters arteries that then narrow to form arterioles that deliver blood to capillaries of the organ
C. Blood pumped from the heart first enters versus that then narrow to form venules that deliver blood to arteries to the organ
D. Blood pumped from the heart first enters arteries that then narrow to form arterioles that deliver blood to capillaries
The Correct Answer is B.From the heart, blood flows through major arteries, which then branch to give rise to arterioles, which then divide into capillaries that deliver blood to the target organ.
Which of the following structures drains oxygen-depleted blood from the kidneys?
A. Renal artery
B. Urethra
C. Ureter
D. Renal Vein
The Correct Answer is D.The renal vein drains deoxygenated blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava.
Which of the following atoms is most likely to become a cation?
A. Oxygen, atomic number 8
B. Fluorine, atomic number 19
C. Helium, atomic number 2
D. Fluorine, atomic number 9
The Correct Answer is D.Fluorine has a high electronegativity, and therefore, it has a strong attraction for electrons and tends to gain electrons to form anions. Therefore, it is more likely to become a cation by losing an electron.