Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below. A digestive function of organ C is the synthesis and secretion of
A. salivary amylase
B. protease
C. hydrochloric acid
D. bile
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Protease enzymes are responsible for breaking down proteins in our food into amino acids. Then different enzymes join amino acids together to form new proteins needed by the body for growth and repair. Protease enzymes are produced in pancreas.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is B.
More Questions on Digestive System Practice Exam 1
Question 1:
Which disorder would most directly interfere with the emulsification of fats?
A. bronchitis
B. gout
C. goiter
D. gallstones
The Correct Answer is D.D) gallstones
- Correct: Gallstones would most directly interfere with the emulsification of fats. Emulsification of fats is primarily facilitated by bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder. Gallstones are hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder, often consisting of cholesterol or bilirubin. These stones can obstruct the flow of bile from the gallbladder into the small intestine, impairing the emulsification of fats and leading to difficulties in fat digestion and absorption. This obstruction can result in symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and indigestion.
A) bronchitis
- Incorrect: Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lungs and does not directly interfere with the emulsification of fats in the digestive system.
B) gout
- Incorrect: Gout is a form of arthritis characterized by the accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints, typically affecting the feet. It does not directly interfere with the emulsification of fats in the digestive system.
C) goiter
- Incorrect: Goiter is an abnormal enlargement of the thyroid gland in the neck, often due to iodine deficiency or thyroid disorders. It does not directly interfere with the emulsification of fats in the digestive system.
Question 2:
Which two organ systems provide materials required for the human body to produce ATP?
A. reproductive and excretory
B. digestive and respiratory
C. respiratory and immune
D. digestive and reproductive
The Correct Answer is B.The digestive system provides materials in the form of nutrients from food, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. These nutrients are broken down during digestion and absorbed into the bloodstream.
The respiratory system provides oxygen, which is necessary for cellular respiration, the process by which ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is produced in cells. Oxygen is inhaled into the lungs and diffuses into the bloodstream to be transported to cells throughout the body.
Question 3:
In gastric bypass surgery, the stomach is reduced to hold 1 ounce of food, instead of 3 pints. This surgery would drastically impact one's
A. excretory system
B. digestive system
C. circulatory system
D. respiratory system
The Correct Answer is B.B) digestive system
- Correct: Gastric bypass surgery involves the reduction of the stomach's size, typically to hold only about 1 ounce of food instead of its normal capacity of 3 pints or more. This surgery drastically impacts the digestive system because it alters the anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract. By reducing the stomach's size, gastric bypass surgery restricts the amount of food that can be consumed at one time, leading to reduced calorie intake and aiding in weight loss. Additionally, the rearrangement of the digestive tract may affect the absorption of nutrients, potentially leading to changes in nutrient absorption and metabolism.
A) excretory system
- Incorrect: While changes in diet and weight loss resulting from gastric bypass surgery may indirectly affect the excretory system, the primary impact of this surgery is on the digestive system itself, not the excretory system.
C) circulatory system
- Incorrect: Although obesity and associated health conditions may impact the circulatory system, such as increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease, the direct impact of gastric bypass surgery is on the digestive system, not the circulatory system.
D) respiratory system
- Incorrect: Gastric bypass surgery does not directly impact the respiratory system. While weight loss resulting from the surgery may improve respiratory function in individuals with obesity-related respiratory conditions such as sleep apnea, the surgery primarily affects the digestive system by altering the anatomy and function of the gastrointestinal tract.
Question 4:
Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below of some human digestive organs and on your knowledge of biology.
Which organ synthesizes both urea and bile?
A. A
B. E
C. C
D. D
The Correct Answer is B.The organ that synthesizes both urea and bile is the liver (E).
The liver plays a crucial role in metabolism and detoxification in the body. It synthesizes urea as a waste product of protein metabolism through the process of the urea cycle. Urea is then excreted by the kidneys in urine.
Additionally, the liver produces bile, a substance that aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. Bile is synthesized in hepatocytes (liver cells) and then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine to emulsify fats.
Question 5:
In some regions of the world, children suffer from a protein deficiency known as kwashiorkor. This deficiency occurs when a child's diet is changed from high-protein breast milk to watery cereal. Even though the child is receiving calories, the child becomes sick and less active, and growth ceases. These symptoms are probably due to
A. too many nucleic acids in the diet
B. an overconsumption of complete protein foods
C. not enough carbohydrates in the diet
D. a lack of essential amino acids in the diet
The Correct Answer is D.D) a lack of essential amino acids in the diet
- Correct: Kwashiorkor is a form of severe acute malnutrition that occurs due to inadequate protein intake, particularly deficient in essential amino acids. When a child's diet is changed from high-protein breast milk to watery cereal, which is often low in protein and deficient in essential amino acids, the child may develop kwashiorkor despite receiving calories. Essential amino acids are necessary for proper growth, immune function, and overall health. Without an adequate supply of essential amino acids, the body cannot synthesize proteins required for various physiological processes, leading to symptoms such as stunted growth, lethargy, edema (swelling), and weakened immune function, which are characteristic of kwashiorkor.
A) too many nucleic acids in the diet
- Incorrect: Kwashiorkor is not caused by an excess of nucleic acids in the diet. Nucleic acids are the building blocks of DNA and RNA and are not directly related to the development of kwashiorkor.
B) an overconsumption of complete protein foods
- Incorrect: Kwashiorkor results from a deficiency in protein intake, particularly inadequate consumption of essential amino acids, rather than an overconsumption of complete protein foods.
C) not enough carbohydrates in the diet
- Incorrect: While a diet lacking in carbohydrates can lead to energy deficiency, it does not directly cause the symptoms of kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor is primarily associated with inadequate protein intake, not insufficient carbohydrate intake.
Question 6:
Some vitamins are essential to an organism because they function as
A. coenzymes
B. auxins
C. hormones
D. neurotransmitters
The Correct Answer is A.A) coenzymes
- Correct: Some vitamins function as coenzymes, which are molecules that assist enzymes in their catalytic activity. Coenzymes work together with enzymes to facilitate various biochemical reactions in the body. For example, certain B vitamins (such as thiamine, riboflavin, and niacin) act as coenzymes in energy metabolism, while vitamin K acts as a coenzyme in blood clotting. Without these essential vitamins, many metabolic processes in the body would be impaired, leading to various health problems.
B) auxins
- Incorrect: Auxins are plant hormones that regulate plant growth and development. They are not vitamins and do not function as coenzymes in biochemical reactions in organisms.
C) hormones
- Incorrect: Hormones are signaling molecules that regulate various physiological processes in organisms. While some vitamins may indirectly influence hormone production or function, they do not function primarily as hormones themselves.
D) neurotransmitters
- Incorrect: Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that transmit signals between nerve cells (neurons) in the nervous system. They are not vitamins and do not function as coenzymes in biochemical reactions in organisms.
Question 7:
Glycogen is best described as a
A. complex carbohydrate that is often stored in red blood cells
B. complete protein necessary for the synthesis of cell membranes
C. polysaccharide that is synthesized and stored within the human liver
D. by-product of sucrose digestion within the pancreas
The Correct Answer is C.C) polysaccharide that is synthesized and stored within the human liver
- Correct: Glycogen is a polysaccharide, which means it is a complex carbohydrate composed of many glucose molecules linked together. It is synthesized and stored primarily in the liver and muscles of humans and other vertebrates. Glycogen serves as a form of energy storage, allowing organisms to store glucose for later use when energy demands are high or when glucose availability is low.
A) complex carbohydrate that is often stored in red blood cells
- Incorrect: While glycogen is a complex carbohydrate, it is not stored in red blood cells. Red blood cells do not contain nuclei or organelles, including glycogen storage structures.
B) complete protein necessary for the synthesis of cell membranes
- Incorrect: Glycogen is not a protein. It is a carbohydrate used for energy storage. Proteins are composed of amino acids and are involved in various cellular functions, including the synthesis of cell membranes, but glycogen does not play a direct role in this process.
D) by-product of sucrose digestion within the pancreas
- Incorrect: Glycogen is not a by-product of sucrose digestion within the pancreas. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose, and it is broken down into its component sugars by enzymes in the small intestine, not the pancreas. Glycogen is synthesized and stored in the liver and muscles as a form of energy storage.
Question 8:
Which food would provide the most roughage for the body?
A. baked fresh fish
B. lettuce-and-tomato salad
C. fried chicken breast
D. milkshake
The Correct Answer is B.B) lettuce-and-tomato salad
- Correct: Lettuce-and-tomato salad would provide the most roughage for the body. Roughage, also known as dietary fiber or bulk, refers to the indigestible portion of plant foods that adds bulk to the stool and helps regulate bowel movements. Lettuce and tomatoes are both rich sources of dietary fiber. Lettuce, especially varieties like romaine or leaf lettuce, contains cellulose and other insoluble fibers, while tomatoes contain soluble fibers like pectin. Consuming a salad made of lettuce and tomatoes would provide a significant amount of roughage to the body, promoting digestive health and regular bowel movements.
A) baked fresh fish
- Incorrect: Fish does not contain significant amounts of dietary fiber. While fish is a valuable source of protein and other nutrients, it is not a source of roughage.
C) fried chicken breast
- Incorrect: Fried chicken breast does not contain significant amounts of dietary fiber. Additionally, frying can add unhealthy fats and calories to the chicken breast, further reducing its nutritional value in terms of roughage.
D) milkshake
- Incorrect: Milkshakes are typically made with milk, ice cream, and flavorings, none of which provide dietary fiber. In fact, milkshakes are generally low in fiber and may contain high amounts of sugar and fat, making them poor choices for increasing roughage intake.
Question 9:
After food enters the small intestine, lipases, proteases, and amylases are secreted into the small intestine by the
A. liver
B. gallbladder
C. salivary glands
D. pancreas
The Correct Answer is D.D) pancreas
- Correct: After food enters the small intestine, lipases (for fat digestion), proteases (for protein digestion), and amylases (for carbohydrate digestion) are secreted into the small intestine by the pancreas. These digestive enzymes are produced by the pancreas and released into the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. The pancreas plays a crucial role in providing these enzymes to aid in the breakdown of macronutrients (fats, proteins, and carbohydrates) into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the intestinal lining.
A) liver
- Incorrect: The liver produces bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in the emulsification of fats. While bile is important for fat digestion, it does not contain lipases, proteases, or amylases.
B) gallbladder
- Incorrect: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver, but it does not secrete lipases, proteases, or amylases. Bile aids in the emulsification of fats but does not contain digestive enzymes.
C) salivary glands
- Incorrect: Salivary glands secrete saliva into the mouth, which contains amylase, an enzyme that begins the digestion of carbohydrates. However, after food enters the small intestine, digestive enzymes are primarily secreted by the pancreas, not the salivary glands.
Question 10:
The digestion of food and subsequent absorption into the bloodstream is important because
A. absorbed food is toxic to the body
B. absorbed food stimulates reproduction
C. absorbed food is the raw material for metabolism
D. absorbed food aids in respiration
The Correct Answer is C.C) absorbed food is the raw material for metabolism
- Correct: The digestion of food and subsequent absorption into the bloodstream are essential processes because absorbed food molecules serve as the raw material for metabolism. Once nutrients from food are absorbed into the bloodstream, they are transported to cells throughout the body where they are used for various metabolic processes. Carbohydrates are broken down into glucose, which is used for energy production. Proteins are broken down into amino acids, which are used for building and repairing tissues, as well as for synthesizing enzymes and hormones. Fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol, which are used for energy production and for building cell membranes and certain hormones. Overall, absorbed food molecules provide the necessary energy and building blocks for cellular activities, growth, and maintenance of the body.
A) absorbed food is toxic to the body
- Incorrect: Absorbed food is not inherently toxic to the body. In fact, nutrients obtained from food are essential for the body's survival and proper functioning. However, certain substances in food may be harmful if absorbed in excessive amounts, such as certain vitamins or minerals. Generally, the body has mechanisms to regulate nutrient absorption and maintain homeostasis.
B) absorbed food stimulates reproduction
- Incorrect: While proper nutrition is important for overall health and fertility, absorbed food does not directly stimulate reproduction. Reproduction is regulated by various hormones and physiological processes within the body.
D) absorbed food aids in respiration
- Incorrect: While nutrients obtained from food are used by cells for energy production through respiration, absorbed food itself does not directly aid in respiration. Respiration is a complex physiological process that involves the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the lungs and cellular respiration within cells to produce energy.