A. Lowering the potential energy of the products
B. Separating inhibitors from products
C. Forming a complex with the products
D. Lowering the activation energy of the reaction
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Enzymes act as catalysts for biochemical reactions. A catalyst is not consumed in a reaction, but rather lowers the activation energy for that reaction. The potential energy of the substrate and the product remain the same, but the activation energy-the energy needed to make the reaction progress can be lowered with the help of an enzyme.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is D.
Which of the following are formed when the plasma membrane surrounds a particle outside of the cell?
A. Golgi bodies
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C. Secretory vesicles
D. Endocytic vesicles
The Correct Answer is D.Endocytosis is a process by which cells absorb larger molecules or even tiny organisms, such as bacteria, that would not be able to pass through the plasma membrane. Endocytic vesicles containing molecules from the extracellular environment often undergo further processing once they enter the cell.
Which is NOT a major type of carbohydrate?
A. Monosaccharides
B. Disaccharides
C. Pentasaccharides
D. Polysaccharides
The Correct Answer is C.There are four major types of carbohydrates: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. Monosaccharides (mono- means one) are made up of one sugar molecule, while disaccharides (di- means two) are made up of two sugar molecules. Oligosaccharides (oligo- means few) are usually less than a dozen sugar molecules, while polysaccharides (poly-means many) are usually more than a dozen sugar molecules.
Pentasaccharides are not a type of carbohydrate.
Which of the below is the best definition for the term circulation?
A. The transport of oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues via the cardiovascular system
B. The force exerted by blood against a unit area of the blood vessel walls
C. The branching air passageways inside the lungs
D. The process of breathing in
The Correct Answer is A.Circulation is transporting oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues via the cardiovascular system. Choice B refers to blood pressure. Bronchi are the branching airways inside the lungs, while inhalation refers to the process of breathing in.
Which of the following anatomical terms is NOT part of the knee?
A. Medial collateral ligament
B. Patella
C. Lateral malleolus
D. Lateral meniscus
The Correct Answer is C.The term "lateral malleolus" refers to the bony prominence on the outer side of the ankle.
It is part of the ankle joint, not the knee joint. The other options, such as the medial collateral ligament, patella, and lateral meniscus, are all associated with the knee joint.
Which of the following orbitals is the last to fill?
A. 1s
B. 3s
C. 4p
D. 6s
The Correct Answer is D.Of these orbitals, the last to fill is 6s.
Orbitals fill in the following order: 1s, 25, 2p. 35, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 55, 4d, 5p. 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p. 7s, 5f, 6d, and 7p. The number is the orbital number, and the letter is the sublevel identification. Sublevels has one orbital and can hold a maximum of two electrons. Sublevel p has three orbitals and can hold a maximum of six electrons. Sublevel d has five orbitals and can hold a maximum of 10 electrons, Sublevel f has seven orbitals and can hold a maximum of 14 electrons.
Which structure of the nervous system carries action potential in the direction of a synapse?
A. Cell body
B. Axon
C. Neuron
D. Myelin
The Correct Answer is B.Axons carry action potential in the direction of synapses. Axons are the long, fiber-like structures that carry information from neurons. Electrical impulses travel along the body of the axons, some of which are up to a foot long.
A neuron is a type of cell that is responsible for sending information throughout the body. There are several types of neurons, including muscle neurons, which respond to instructions for movement; sensory neurons, which transmit information about the external world; and interneurons, which relay messages between neurons. Myelin is a fat that coats the nerves and ensures the accurate transmission of information in the nervous system.
Homeostasis is defined as:
A. Ability of human beings to keep body weight within normal limits
B. Maintenance of a constant external temperature inside a room
C. Ingestion of enough food to keep hunger pains from developing
D. Tendency of the body to maintain a stable environment
The Correct Answer is D.Homeostatic mechanisms are involuntary actions by organs, glands, tissues and cells to maintain balance within the body. If a function is disrupted the body will readjust in an attempt to maintain balance. During periods of starvation the body will break down glucose reserves in order to maintain normal glucose levels.
A chemistry experiment is performed to determine the effect of a nonvolatile solute on the boiling point of water. Three trials are performed in which 10 mg, 20 mg, and 30 mg of salt are added to 500 mL of distilled water. Each solution is heated on a hot plate, and the elevated boiling points are recorded.
Determine the dependent and independent variables in this question.
A. The independent variable is the amount of salt, and the dependent variable is the temperature at which the water boils.
B. The independent variable is the amount of water, and the dependent variable is the temperature at which the water boils.
C. The independent variable is the temperature at which the water boils, and the dependent variable is the amount of salt.
D. The Independent variable is the amount of salt, and the dependent variable is the amount of water.
The Correct Answer is A.In a scientific experiment, the dependent variable is the condition that is being tested and measured. The independent variable is the condition that is being changed or controlled. In this example, the amount of salt is varied, and the boiling point of water is measured. Therefore, the independent variable is the amount of salt, and the dependent variable is the temperature at which the water bolls.
Which of the following does NOT obey the law of independent assortment?
A. Two genes next to each other on a chromosome
B. Two genes on opposite ends of a chromosome
C. Flower color and height in snapdragons
D. Seed color and flower color in peas
The Correct Answer is A.Two genes next to each other (or within a specified close distance) are said to be linked. Linked genes do not follow the law of Independent assortment because they are too close together to be segregated from each other in meiosis.
Which of the following is a carbohydrate?
A. Cellulose
B. Hemoglobin
C. Estrogen
D. ATP
The Correct Answer is A.Cellulose is a complex carbohydrate that composes the better part of the cell wall.
Hemoglobin is a protein and is found in red blood cells. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a compound used by living organisms to store and use energy. Estrogen is a steroid hormone that stimulates the development of female sex characteristics.