A. Filtration
B. Distillation
C. Decantation
D. Evaporation
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A) Filtration: Filtration is not suitable for separating dissolved substances from a solution. It is typically used to separate solid particles from a liquid mixture.
B) Distillation: Distillation is a process used to separate components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points. It is not typically used to separate solid crystals from a solution.
C) Decantation: Decantation involves pouring off the liquid portion of a mixture, leaving the solid behind. While it can be used to separate solid and liquid phases, it may not effectively separate dissolved copper sulfate from the solution.
D) Evaporation (Correct Answer): Evaporation involves heating the solution to allow the solvent (water) to vaporize, leaving behind the solute (copper sulfate) as solid crystals. This process is commonly used to obtain solid crystals from a solution.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is D.
Which statement regarding metal and non-metal oxides is not true?
A. Metal oxides are bases and forms alkalis in water.
B. Non-metal oxides form acids in water.
C. Solutions of non-metal oxides change red litmus blue.
D. Metal oxides color universal indicator blue and non-metal oxides color it red.
The Correct Answer is C.A. Metal oxides are bases and form alkalis in water: This statement is generally true. Metal oxides typically react with water to form basic solutions (alkalis). Therefore, this statement is true.
B. Non-metal oxides form acids in water: This statement is generally true. Non-metal oxides typically react with water to form acidic solutions. Therefore, this statement is true.
C. Solutions of non-metal oxides change red litmus blue: This statement is not true. Non-metal oxides typically form acidic solutions in water, which would not change red litmus paper to blue. Instead, they would typically turn blue litmus paper red.
D. Metal oxides color universal indicator blue and non-metal oxides color it red: This statement is generally true. Metal oxides tend to produce basic solutions, which turn universal indicator blue. Non-metal oxides tend to produce acidic solutions, which turn universal indicator red. Therefore, this statement is true.
A solution with a pH of 5.0 _____.
A. has a hydrogen-ion concentration of 5.0M
B. is neutral
C. has a hydroxide-ion concentration of 1 x 10 –9 M
D. None of the above
The Correct Answer is D.a. is basic: Incorrect. Solutions with pH values less than 7 are acidic, not basic. A pH of 5.0 indicates an acidic solution.
b. has a hydrogen-ion concentration of 5.0M: Incorrect. The pH value does not directly provide information about the concentration of hydrogen ions. pH is a logarithmic scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
c. is neutral: Incorrect. Solutions with a pH of 7 are considered neutral. A pH of 5.0 indicates an acidic solution.
d. has a hydroxide-ion concentration of 1 x 10 –9 M: Incorrect. This statement relates to the calculation of hydroxide-ion concentration in a neutral solution using the Kw value (the ion product of water). It does not directly pertain to the pH value of the solution.
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate?
A. Salt and water
B. Carbon dioxide and water
C. Oxygen gas and water
D. Salt and hydrogen gas
The Correct Answer is B.A) Salt and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide or a metal oxide, not with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate.
B) Carbon dioxide and water (Correct Answer): When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate, carbon dioxide gas is produced along with water and a salt. The carbonates decompose into carbon dioxide gas, water, and a salt when reacting with acids.
C) Oxygen gas and water: This reaction is not typical when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate. Metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates generally do not produce oxygen gas when reacting with acids.
D) Salt and hydrogen gas: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal, not with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate. When metals react with acids, hydrogen gas is typically produced along with a salt.
What is an appropriate pH value for hydrochloric acid?
A. pH 2-4
B. pH 1-3
C. pH 0-2
D. pH 3-5
The Correct Answer is B.Rationale for each choice:
A) pH 2-4: While hydrochloric acid is indeed highly acidic, a pH range of 2-4 would suggest a slightly less concentrated solution. However, this range might still be appropriate for dilute or partially neutralized hydrochloric acid.
A) pH 1-3 (Correct Answer): Hydrochloric acid typically has a very low pH due to its strong acidic nature. A pH range of 1-3 is commonly observed for concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions.
C) pH 0-2: This range suggests an even stronger acidity, which could be true for very concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions, although they might not commonly occur in typical laboratory or industrial settings.
D) pH 3-5: This pH range would indicate a significantly less acidic solution compared to hydrochloric acid. Such a pH range might be more appropriate for weak acids or diluted hydrochloric acid solutions rather than the concentrated form.
Suggest a pH value for ammonia solution.
A. 7-8
B. 9-10
C. 10-13
D. 13-14
The Correct Answer is C.A) 7-8: This pH range suggests a neutral to slightly basic solution. Ammonia solution is typically more alkaline than this range.
B) 9-10: This pH range suggests a slightly basic solution. Ammonia solution is generally more alkaline than this range.
C) 10-13 (Correct Answer): Ammonia solution is typically alkaline and falls within the pH range of 10-13. Ammonia reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-), resulting in an alkaline solution.
D) 13-14: This pH range suggests a highly basic solution, which may be too high for typical ammonia solutions. Ammonia solutions are usually within the pH range of 10-13.
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal?
A. Salt and water
B. Carbon dioxide and water
C. Oxygen gas and water
D. Salt and hydrogen
The Correct Answer is D.A) Salt and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide or a metal oxide. When metals react with acids, hydrogen gas is typically produced along with a salt, not water.
B) Carbon dioxide and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, not a metal. When carbonates react with acids, carbon dioxide gas is produced along with water and a salt.
C) Oxygen gas and water: This reaction is not typical when an acid reacts with a metal. Metal reactions with acids usually produce hydrogen gas along with a salt.
D) Salt and hydrogen (Correct Answer): When an acid reacts with a metal, hydrogen gas is produced along with a salt. The metal displaces hydrogen ions from the acid, forming a salt, while hydrogen gas is released as a byproduct of the reaction.
What ions make ammonia solution alkaline?
A. Cl- ions
B. H+ ions
C. Na+ ions
D. OH- ions
The Correct Answer is D.A) Cl- ions: Chloride ions (Cl-) are typically found in salts and do not contribute directly to the alkalinity of ammonia solution.
B) H+ ions: Hydrogen ions (H+) typically characterize acidic solutions, not alkaline solutions. Ammonia solution doesn't contain H+ ions.
C) Na+ ions: Sodium ions (Na+) are typically found in salts and do not contribute directly to the alkalinity of ammonia solution.
D) OH- ions (Correct Answer): Ammonia solution becomes alkaline due to the presence of hydroxide ions (OH-). Ammonia (NH3) reacts with water to form ammonium ions (NH4+) and hydroxide ions (OH-), increasing the concentration of OH- ions and making the solution alkaline.
What is produced when an acid reacts with ammonia?
A. Water
B. Ammonia and Water
C. Ammonium salt
D. Hydrogen gas
The Correct Answer is C.A) Water: Water is not typically produced when an acid reacts with ammonia. Water may be present in the reaction mixture, but it is not a direct product of the reaction between the acid and ammonia.
B) Ammonium chloride: Water and ammonia are not typically produced when an acid reacts with ammonia.
C) Ammonium salt (Correct Answer): When an acid reacts with ammonia, an ammonium salt is typically formed. The specific ammonium salt produced depends on the acid used in the reaction.
D) Hydrogen gas: Hydrogen gas is not typically produced when an acid reacts with ammonia. The reaction between an acid and ammonia does not involve the liberation of hydrogen gas.
What is a precipitate?
A. A gas formed during a chemical reaction
B. A liquid formed when two aqueous solutions react
C. A solid formed when two aqueous solutions react
D. A solution formed during a chemical reaction
The Correct Answer is C.A) A gas formed during a chemical reaction: While gases can indeed be produced during chemical reactions, a precipitate specifically refers to a solid that forms during a reaction.
B) A liquid formed when two aqueous solutions react: Precipitates are not liquids. They are solids that are formed when certain ions combine to form an insoluble compound.
C) A solid formed when two aqueous solutions react (Correct Answer): A precipitate is indeed a solid substance that forms when two aqueous solutions react and certain ions combine to create an insoluble compound.
D) A solution formed during a chemical reaction: A precipitate is not a solution. It is the solid product that separates out of a solution during a chemical reaction due to its limited solubility.
What type of reaction occurs between sulfuric acid and ammonia?
A. Oxidation
B. Reduction
C. Neutralization
D. Precipitation
The Correct Answer is C.A) Oxidation: Sulfuric acid and ammonia do not participate in an oxidation-reduction reaction, where one substance loses electrons (oxidation) and another gains electrons (reduction).
B) Reduction: Sulfuric acid and ammonia do not participate in an oxidation-reduction reaction, so reduction is not the correct type of reaction.
C) Neutralization (Correct Answer): When sulfuric acid reacts with ammonia, a neutralization reaction occurs. The acidic hydrogen ions (H+) from sulfuric acid react with the basic ammonia molecules (NH3) to form ammonium ions (NH4+) and sulfate ions (SO4^2-), resulting in the formation of an ammonium sulfate salt.
D) Precipitation: A precipitation reaction occurs when two solutions react to form an insoluble solid (precipitate). However, sulfuric acid and ammonia do not form an insoluble product when they react. Therefore, precipitation is not the correct type of reaction for this scenario.