A. One
B. Two
C. Four
D. Eight
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There are four different nucleotides in DNA. Nucleotides are monomers of nucleic acids, composed of five- carbon sugars, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotides make up both DNA and RNA. They are essential for the recording of an organism's genetic information, which guides the actions of the various cells of the body.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is C.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of enzymes?
A. They change shape when they bind their substrates.
B. They can catalyze reactions in both forward and reverse directions.
C. Their activity is sensitive to changes in temperature.
D. They are always active on more than one kind of substrate.
The Correct Answer is D.Enzymes are substrate-specific. Most enzymes catalyze only one biochemical reaction. Their active sites are specific for a certain type of substrate and do not bind to other substrates and catalyze other reactions.
In general, where in the periodic table of elements are the elements with the largest atomic radii located?
A. Upper-right corner
B. Upper-left corner
C. Bottom-left corner
D. Bottom-right comer
The Correct Answer is C.In general, atomic radius increases moving down a group due to the increasing number of electron shells. In general, atomic radius decreases moving from left to right across a period due to the increasing number of protons in the energy level. Therefore, atoms of elements in the bottom-left corner of the periodic table tend to have the largest atomic radii.
There are three Insects that are being compared under a microscope. As a scientist, you decide that measuring them would be an important part of recording their data. Which unit of measurement would best for this situation?
A. Centimeters
B. Meters
C. Micrometers
D. Kilometers
The Correct Answer is C.The best use of the International System of Units (SI) for this situation would be the use of the micrometer as it is the smallest unit of measurement provided and the scientist is using a microscope to view the insects.
Which of these does NOT match the nitrogenous base to the nucleobase?
A. Purine: Adenine
B. Purine: Thymine
C. Pyrimidine: Uracil
D. Pyrimidine: Cytosine
The Correct Answer is B.There are two types of nitrogenous bases: purine and pyrimidine bases. Purine bases have two rings in their structure and consist of adenine and guanine. Pyrimidine bases only have one ring in their structure and consist of thymine and cytosine (DNA) and uracil and cytosine (RNA). Therefore, the correct answer is B since thymine is a pyrimidine.
Which of the following are examples of homeostatic mechanisms?
A. Increasing heart rate when blood pressure is low, Consuming excess calories to gain weight
B. Lifting weights to increase muscle mass
C. Shivering when the body temperature falls
D. Shivering when the body temperature falls, Secreting insulin to decrease blood sugar concentration, Increasing heart rate when blood pressure is low
The Correct Answer is D.Homeostatic mechanisms are involuntary actions by organs, glands, tissues and cells to maintain balance within the body. For example, if a person becomes dehydrated, the kidneys will retain fluid by decreasing urine output.
Consuming excess calories and lifting weights are not involuntary actions, nor do they maintain the body in its baseline state. Rather, they are actions specifically taken to move the body away from its baseline.
Which of the below is the best definition for the term circulation?
A. The transport of oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues via the cardiovascular system
B. The force exerted by blood against a unit area of the blood vessel walls
C. The branching air passageways inside the lungs
D. The process of breathing in
The Correct Answer is A.Circulation is transporting oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues via the cardiovascular system. Choice B refers to blood pressure. Bronchi are the branching airways inside the lungs, while inhalation refers to the process of breathing in.
Which of the following is true regarding adipocytes?
A. They are involved in the secretion of glucose.
B. They are responsible for storing the fat that is found in adipose tissue
C. They are critical in the digestive breakdown of fat
D. They are the foundational element of muscles
The Correct Answer is B.Adipocytes are primarily seen in adipose or fat tissue. Their primary function is the storage of fat Adipocytes play a crucial role in maintaining proper energy balance, storing calories in the form of lipids, and mobilizing energy sources in response to stress. They are not involved in the digestion of fat or the secretion of glucose, nor are they the foundational element of muscles
Which is NOT a type of protein?
A. Fibrous
B. Membrane
C. Globular
D. Unsaturated
The Correct Answer is D.There are three types of proteins: fibrous, membrane, and globular. Fibrous or structural proteins consist of collagen, elastin, and keratin. Membrane proteins are interactive and anchored to a membrane. Globular proteins consist of functional proteins like enzymes, hemoglobin, and insulin.
Therefore unsaturated is the correct answer.
Which of the following is NOT provided as a result of the valid research and observations recorded by scientists?
A. A better understanding of the physical world
B. The ability to predict possible outcomes affected by actions
C. The ability to prevent earthquakes and other natural disasters
D. The creation of various substances and technologies that enhance our world
The Correct Answer is C.Scientists make observations, gather data, and complete research over many years in order to compile knowledge that will provide insight into future disasters, such as earthquakes, storms, and global warming. Although science can be used to predict earthquakes and other natural disasters, there is currently no way of preventing them from occurring.
Where is the gastrocnemius vein in relation to the femoral vein?
A. Lateral
B. Distal
C. Superior
D. Ventral
The Correct Answer is B.The gastrocnemius vein is found in the calf. The femoral vein is found in the proximal anterior thighs/pelvis.
Since the gastrocnemius vein is found below the femoral vein it is distal or inferior to the femoral vessel.