A. 7-8
B. 9-10
C. 10-13
D. 13-14
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A) 7-8: This pH range suggests a neutral to slightly basic solution. Ammonia solution is typically more alkaline than this range.
B) 9-10: This pH range suggests a slightly basic solution. Ammonia solution is generally more alkaline than this range.
C) 10-13 (Correct Answer): Ammonia solution is typically alkaline and falls within the pH range of 10-13. Ammonia reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-), resulting in an alkaline solution.
D) 13-14: This pH range suggests a highly basic solution, which may be too high for typical ammonia solutions. Ammonia solutions are usually within the pH range of 10-13.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is C.
How can solid lead iodide be separated from solution?
A. Filtration
B. Distillation
C. Decantation
D. Chromatography
The Correct Answer is A.A) Filtration: Solid lead iodide can be separated from the solution using filtration. Filtration involves passing the mixture through a filter paper or porous material, allowing the solid particles to be retained while the liquid passes through.
B) Distillation: Distillation is a process used to separate components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points. It is not typically used to separate solid lead iodide from a solution.
C) Decantation: Decantation involves carefully pouring off the liquid portion of a mixture, leaving the solid behind. While it can be used to separate solid and liquid phases, it may not be as effective as filtration for separating fine solid particles like lead iodide.
D) Chromatography: Chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures based on differences in the components' distribution between two phases: a stationary phase and a mobile phase. It is not typically used for separating solid lead iodide from a solution.
When copper sulfate is made by reacting copper oxide with sulfuric acid, the acid is heated. Why?
A. To increase the rate of reaction
B. To decrease the rate of reaction
C. To prevent the formation of byproducts
D. To decrease the energy of activation
The Correct Answer is A.A) To increase the rate of reaction (Correct Answer): Heating the sulfuric acid increases the kinetic energy of the particles, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions between the reactant particles. This, in turn, increases the rate of reaction between copper oxide and sulfuric acid, facilitating the production of copper sulfate.
B) To decrease the rate of reaction: Heating typically increases the rate of reaction by providing more energy for particles to overcome the activation energy barrier. Decreasing the temperature would slow down the reaction, which is not the intended outcome in this scenario.
C) To prevent the formation of byproducts: While heating may influence the selectivity of reactions and the formation of byproducts in some cases, the primary purpose of heating sulfuric acid in this context is to increase the rate of reaction rather than to prevent the formation of byproducts.
D) To decrease the energy of activation: Heating increases the energy of particles, helping them overcome the energy barrier required for the reaction to occur. Therefore, heating sulfuric acid would increase the energy of activation rather than decrease it.
Which type of solution is one with a pH of 8?:
A. Acidic
B. Basic
C. Neutral
D. Pure
The Correct Answer is B.a. Acidic: Solutions with pH values below 7 are considered acidic. A pH of 8 indicates a solution that is more basic than acidic.
b. Basic (Correct Answer): Solutions with pH values above 7 are considered basic or alkaline. A pH of 8 indicates a basic solution.
c. Neutral: Solutions with a pH of 7 are considered neutral. A pH of 8 indicates a solution that is slightly basic, not neutral.
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal oxide?
A. Salt and water
B. Carbon dioxide and water
C. Oxygen gas and water
D. Hydrogen gas and water
The Correct Answer is A.A) Salt and water (Correct Answer): When an acid reacts with a metal oxide, a salt and water are typically produced. The metal in the metal oxide combines with the acid to form a salt, and water is produced as a byproduct of the reaction.
B) Carbon dioxide and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, not a metal oxide. When carbonates react with acids, carbon dioxide gas is produced along with water and a salt.
C) Oxygen gas and water: This reaction is not typical when an acid reacts with a metal oxide. Metal oxides generally do not produce oxygen gas when reacting with acids.
D) Hydrogen gas and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal, not a metal oxide. When metals react with acids, hydrogen gas is typically produced along with water and a salt.
Why do farmers use ammonium salts on their fields?
A. To prevent soil erosion
B. To increase soil acidity
C. To help plants grow (as fertilizers)
D. To reduce soil salinity
The Correct Answer is C.A) To prevent soil erosion: While certain soil management practices may involve measures to prevent erosion, the use of ammonium salts specifically does not directly relate to preventing soil erosion.
B) To increase soil acidity: Ammonium salts, such as ammonium sulfate, can actually decrease soil pH, making the soil more acidic. However, this is not typically the primary reason farmers use these salts.
C) To help plants grow (as fertilizers) (Correct Answer): Ammonium salts are commonly used as fertilizers because they provide essential nitrogen to plants in a form that they can readily absorb. Nitrogen is a crucial nutrient for plant growth, and ammonium salts serve as a source of nitrogen for crops.
D) To reduce soil salinity: Ammonium salts are not typically used to reduce soil salinity. Salinity issues in soil are typically addressed through other methods such as leaching or soil amendments, rather than the addition of ammonium salts.
Suggest a pH value for ammonia solution.
A. 7-8
B. 9-10
C. 10-13
D. 13-14
The Correct Answer is C.A) 7-8: This pH range suggests a neutral to slightly basic solution. Ammonia solution is typically more alkaline than this range.
B) 9-10: This pH range suggests a slightly basic solution. Ammonia solution is generally more alkaline than this range.
C) 10-13 (Correct Answer): Ammonia solution is typically alkaline and falls within the pH range of 10-13. Ammonia reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-), resulting in an alkaline solution.
D) 13-14: This pH range suggests a highly basic solution, which may be too high for typical ammonia solutions. Ammonia solutions are usually within the pH range of 10-13.
How can copper sulfate crystals be separated from copper sulfate solution?
A. Filtration
B. Distillation
C. Decantation
D. Evaporation
The Correct Answer is D.A) Filtration: Filtration is not suitable for separating dissolved substances from a solution. It is typically used to separate solid particles from a liquid mixture.
B) Distillation: Distillation is a process used to separate components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points. It is not typically used to separate solid crystals from a solution.
C) Decantation: Decantation involves pouring off the liquid portion of a mixture, leaving the solid behind. While it can be used to separate solid and liquid phases, it may not effectively separate dissolved copper sulfate from the solution.
D) Evaporation (Correct Answer): Evaporation involves heating the solution to allow the solvent (water) to vaporize, leaving behind the solute (copper sulfate) as solid crystals. This process is commonly used to obtain solid crystals from a solution.
Why is KOH a strong alkali?
A. Because it reacts vigorously with acids
B. Because it forms a basic solution when dissolved in water
C. Because in solution it fully dissociates into K+ and OH-
D. Because it forms insoluble precipitates with metal cations
The Correct Answer is C.A) Because it reacts vigorously with acids: While KOH does react with acids to form salts and water, the strength of an alkali is not solely determined by its reactivity with acids.
B) Because it forms a basic solution when dissolved in water: This statement is true, but it does not fully explain why KOH is considered a strong alkali. Many compounds can form basic solutions when dissolved in water.
C) Because in solution it fully dissociates into K+ and OH- (Correct Answer): KOH is considered a strong alkali because it fully dissociates in aqueous solution into potassium ions (K+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). This dissociation leads to a high concentration of hydroxide ions in solution, making it strongly alkaline.
D) Because it forms insoluble precipitates with metal cations: This statement describes the formation of insoluble hydroxide precipitates when alkali solutions are added to solutions of metal salts. However, it does not fully explain why KOH itself is considered a strong alkali.
What color do acids make litmus paper turn?
A. Red
B. Yellow
C. Blue
D. Black
The Correct Answer is A.A) Red (Correct Answer): Acids turn litmus paper red. Litmus paper is a common indicator that changes color in response to changes in acidity or alkalinity. Acids change the blue litmus paper to red.
B) Yellow: Acids do not typically turn litmus paper yellow. Litmus paper is generally unaffected by acids in a way that would cause it to turn yellow.
C) Blue: Acids do not turn litmus paper blue. Instead, they change blue litmus paper to red.
D) Black: Acids do not turn litmus paper black. Litmus paper is not expected to change to black in the presence of acids.
What is produced when an acid reacts with ammonia?
A. Water
B. Ammonia and Water
C. Ammonium salt
D. Hydrogen gas
The Correct Answer is C.A) Water: Water is not typically produced when an acid reacts with ammonia. Water may be present in the reaction mixture, but it is not a direct product of the reaction between the acid and ammonia.
B) Ammonium chloride: Water and ammonia are not typically produced when an acid reacts with ammonia.
C) Ammonium salt (Correct Answer): When an acid reacts with ammonia, an ammonium salt is typically formed. The specific ammonium salt produced depends on the acid used in the reaction.
D) Hydrogen gas: Hydrogen gas is not typically produced when an acid reacts with ammonia. The reaction between an acid and ammonia does not involve the liberation of hydrogen gas.