A. pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
B. esophagus, stomach, and intestines
C. colon, rectum, and anus
D. mouth, esophagus, and stomach
For those aiming to excel in their ATI TEAS test and secure admission into their desired nursing program, ExamGates offers an invaluable resource. Our platform features practice questions meticulously crafted by tutors who have previously aced the exam themselves. With ExamGates, you can access content that is 100% relevant to the test, accompanied by vivid images and illustrations. Additionally, our platform provides comprehensive explanations for both correct and incorrect answers, empowering you to fully grasp the material and optimize your study efforts. Take the first step towards your nursing aspirations with ExamGates today.
b. esophagus, stomach, and intestines
- Correct: The alimentary canal, or digestive tract, is made up of the esophagus, stomach, and intestines (both small and large). These organs form a continuous tube that extends from the mouth to the anus and is responsible for the digestion and absorption of food and the elimination of waste. The esophagus transports food from the mouth to the stomach through peristaltic contractions, while the stomach and intestines further digest food and absorb nutrients.
a. pancreas, liver, and gallbladder
- Incorrect: While the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder are important accessory organs that produce digestive enzymes and substances involved in digestion (such as bile), they are not part of the alimentary canal itself. Instead, they secrete their products into the alimentary canal to aid in digestion.
c. colon, rectum, and anus
- Incorrect: The colon, rectum, and anus are parts of the large intestine, which is a component of the alimentary canal. However, the alimentary canal is not solely composed of these organs; it also includes the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine.
d. mouth, esophagus, and stomach
- Incorrect: While the mouth, esophagus, and stomach are indeed part of the alimentary canal, they do not represent the entirety of it. The alimentary canal includes additional organs such as the small and large intestines, which are also involved in the digestion and absorption of food.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is B.
Which of the following organs has 3 layers of smooth muscle in its muscularis externa?
A. small intestine
B. esophagus
C. stomach
D. large intestine
The Correct Answer is C.C. stomach
- Correct: The stomach has three layers of smooth muscle in its muscularis externa, which is the muscular layer of the gastrointestinal tract responsible for peristalsis and mixing of food. These muscle layers are arranged in longitudinal, circular, and oblique orientations, allowing for the mechanical processing of ingested food and the propulsion of food through the digestive tract. This muscular arrangement contributes to the stomach's ability to churn and mix food with gastric juices during digestion.
A. small intestine
- Incorrect: While the small intestine does have smooth muscle in its muscularis externa, it typically has two layers of smooth muscle: an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer.
B. esophagus
- Incorrect: The esophagus also has smooth muscle in its muscularis externa, but it typically has two layers of smooth muscle: an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer.
D. large intestine
- Incorrect: The large intestine, like the small intestine, typically has two layers of smooth muscle in its muscularis externa: an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer.
Which of these statements about bile is true?
A. About 500 mL is secreted daily.
B. Its main function is the denaturation of proteins.
C. It is synthesized in the gallbladder.
D. Bile salts are recycled.
The Correct Answer is D.d) Bile salts are recycled.
- Correct: Bile salts are recycled in the enterohepatic circulation. After aiding in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine, bile salts are reabsorbed in the terminal ileum and transported back to the liver via the portal vein. Once in the liver, they are re-secreted into bile, allowing for their reuse in subsequent digestive processes. This recycling of bile salts is an important mechanism for conserving these critical components of bile.
a) About 500 mL is secreted daily.
- Incorrect: The daily secretion of bile by the liver is approximately 600-1000 mL, not 500 mL. Bile is continuously produced by hepatocytes (liver cells) and stored and concentrated in the gallbladder until it is released into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion.
b) Its main function is the denaturation of proteins.
- Incorrect: The main function of bile is not the denaturation of proteins. Bile aids in the emulsification and digestion of fats by breaking them down into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for the action of pancreatic lipase and facilitating the absorption of lipids and fat-soluble vitamins.
c) It is synthesized in the gallbladder.
- Incorrect: Bile is not synthesized in the gallbladder. It is produced by hepatocytes (liver cells) in the liver and then stored and concentrated in the gallbladder until needed for digestion.
A disorder of the digestive system that can cause severe dehydration is known as
A. appendicitis
B. gallstones
C. constipation
D. diarrhea
The Correct Answer is D.D) diarrhea
- Correct: Diarrhea is a disorder of the digestive system that can cause severe dehydration. Diarrhea is characterized by frequent, loose, or watery bowel movements, often accompanied by abdominal cramps, bloating, and urgency. It occurs when the intestines fail to properly absorb water or when excess fluid is secreted into the intestines. Diarrhea can lead to significant fluid loss and electrolyte imbalance, resulting in dehydration, particularly if not promptly treated by replenishing lost fluids and electrolytes.
A) appendicitis
- Incorrect: Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix, a small pouch located near the junction of the small and large intestines. While appendicitis can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, fever, and vomiting, it is not directly associated with dehydration.
B) gallstones
- Incorrect: Gallstones are hardened deposits that form in the gallbladder and can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and jaundice. While gallstones can lead to complications such as obstruction of the bile duct, they are not directly associated with dehydration.
C) constipation
- Incorrect: Constipation refers to infrequent bowel movements or difficulty passing stool, often characterized by hard, dry stools that are difficult to pass. While severe constipation can cause discomfort and complications such as fecal impaction, it is not directly associated with dehydration.
Which of these cells secrete hormones?
A. parietal cells
B. mucous neck cells
C. enteroendocrine cells
D. chief cells
The Correct Answer is C.c) enteroendocrine cells
- Correct: Enteroendocrine cells are specialized cells located in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract that secrete hormones. These hormones play various roles in the regulation of digestion, nutrient absorption, and other physiological processes. Examples of hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells include gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and ghrelin.
a) parietal cells
- Incorrect: Parietal cells are found in the gastric glands of the stomach and secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor, but they do not secrete hormones.
b) mucous neck cells
- Incorrect: Mucous neck cells are found in the gastric glands of the stomach and secrete mucus, which helps protect the stomach lining from the acidic environment, but they do not secrete hormones.
d) chief cells
- Incorrect: Chief cells are found in the gastric glands of the stomach and secrete pepsinogen, the precursor to the enzyme pepsin, which plays a role in protein digestion. Chief cells do not secrete hormones.
Which of these organs is not considered an accessory digestive structure?
A. mouth
B. salivary glands
C. pancreas
D. liver
The Correct Answer is A.a) mouth
- Correct: The mouth is not considered an accessory digestive structure; it is an integral part of the alimentary canal (digestive tract). The mouth is where the process of digestion begins, as food is ingested, chewed, and mixed with saliva. Saliva, produced by the salivary glands, contains enzymes (such as amylase) that initiate the breakdown of carbohydrates. Once food is sufficiently broken down in the mouth, it is formed into a bolus and swallowed, entering the esophagus and continuing its journey through the digestive system.
b) salivary glands
- Incorrect: Salivary glands are accessory digestive structures that secrete saliva into the mouth. Saliva contains enzymes and lubricants that aid in the mechanical and chemical digestion of food.
c) pancreas
- Incorrect: The pancreas is an accessory digestive structure that plays a crucial role in digestion by producing and secreting digestive enzymes into the small intestine. These enzymes aid in the breakdown of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
d) liver
- Incorrect: The liver is also an accessory digestive structure that contributes to digestion by producing bile, which is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine to aid in the emulsification and digestion of fats. Additionally, the liver plays a role in processing nutrients absorbed from the small intestine and regulating glucose metabolism.
In which organ of the human body is urea produced as a result of the breakdown of amino acids?
A. liver
B. pancreas
C. stomach
D. small intestine
The Correct Answer is A.A) liver
- Correct: Urea is produced in the liver as a result of the breakdown of amino acids. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, and when proteins are metabolized for energy or other purposes, their constituent amino acids are broken down in a process called deamination. During deamination, the amino groups (-NH2) are removed from the amino acids, forming ammonia (NH3). The liver converts ammonia into urea through a series of biochemical reactions known as the urea cycle. Urea is then excreted by the kidneys in the urine, helping to remove nitrogenous waste from the body.
B) pancreas
- Incorrect: The pancreas is an organ involved in the production of digestive enzymes and hormones such as insulin and glucagon. It is not primarily responsible for the production of urea from the breakdown of amino acids.
C) stomach
- Incorrect: The stomach is primarily involved in the mechanical and chemical digestion of food, particularly proteins. While protein digestion begins in the stomach with the action of gastric juices containing enzymes such as pepsin, urea production from the breakdown of amino acids occurs mainly in the liver.
D) small intestine
- Incorrect: The small intestine is primarily involved in the absorption of nutrients from digested food, rather than the production of urea from the breakdown of amino acids. While some amino acids may be absorbed in the small intestine, urea production primarily occurs in the liver.
Which part of the large intestine attaches to the appendix?
A. cecum
B. ascending colon
C. transverse colon
D. descending colon
The Correct Answer is A.Cecum attaches to the appendix
Your digestive system works on the foods you eat for about:
A. 5 hours
B. 10 hours
C. 15 hours
D. 20 hours
The Correct Answer is B.The digestive system typically works on the foods you eat for about 10 hours. The entire process of digestion, from the moment food enters the mouth until waste is eliminated from the body, generally takes around 24 to 72 hours. However, the actual time it takes for food to move through the digestive tract and be fully digested varies depending on factors such as the type of food consumed, individual metabolism, and overall gastrointestinal health. On average, food spends approximately 4 to 6 hours in the stomach and small intestine, and another 12 to 36 hours in the large intestine before being eliminated as waste. Therefore, the total time for digestion and elimination is typically around 24 to 72 hours.
Which human excretory organ breaks down red blood cells and synthesizes urea?
A. lung
B. kidney
C. skin
D. liver
The Correct Answer is D.D) liver
- Correct: The liver is the human excretory organ that breaks down red blood cells and synthesizes urea. Red blood cells have a finite lifespan and are continually replaced by new cells produced in the bone marrow. When old or damaged red blood cells are removed from circulation, their components are broken down by macrophages, primarily in the spleen and liver. The liver plays a crucial role in this process by breaking down hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells, into heme and globin. Heme is further broken down into bilirubin, which is excreted in bile and eventually eliminated from the body in feces. Additionally, the liver synthesizes urea as a waste product of protein metabolism, which is excreted by the kidneys in urine.
A) lung
- Incorrect: While the lungs play a role in the excretion of carbon dioxide during respiration, they are not involved in breaking down red blood cells or synthesizing urea.
B) kidney
- Incorrect: The kidneys are responsible for filtering blood to remove waste products and excess substances, such as urea, creatinine, and electrolytes, to produce urine. While the kidneys excrete urea synthesized by the liver, they do not break down red blood cells.
C) skin
- Incorrect: The skin is involved in excreting certain waste products, such as sweat (containing water, electrolytes, and small amounts of urea and other metabolic waste), but it does not break down red blood cells or synthesize urea.
Where are most fat-digesting enzymes produced?
A. small intestine
B. gallbladder
C. liver
D. pancreas
The Correct Answer is D.d) pancreas
- Correct: Most fat-digesting enzymes, such as pancreatic lipase, are produced in the pancreas. Pancreatic lipase is secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine, specifically the duodenum, where it plays a crucial role in the digestion of dietary fats. Additionally, other enzymes involved in fat digestion, such as pancreatic colipase and phospholipase, are also produced by the pancreas.
a) small intestine
- Incorrect: While some fat-digesting enzymes are present in the small intestine, the majority of these enzymes are produced by the pancreas and delivered to the small intestine via the pancreatic duct.
b) gallbladder
- Incorrect: The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver, but it does not produce fat-digesting enzymes. Bile stored in the gallbladder contains bile salts, which aid in the emulsification and digestion of fats, but they are not enzymes themselves.
c) liver
- Incorrect: The liver produces bile, which contains bile salts that aid in fat digestion by emulsifying large fat globules into smaller droplets, but it does not produce fat-digesting enzymes. The liver also plays a role in lipid metabolism and the synthesis of lipoproteins but does not produce enzymes directly involved in fat digestion.