A. Lung
B. Heart
C. Spleen
D. Liver
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The pleura is a thin membrane that surrounds the lungs and lines the chest cavity. It protects the lungs from friction and infection, and helps them expand and contract during breathing. The other organs listed are not covered by the pleura, but by other types of connective tissue sheaths, such as the pericardium for the heart, the peritoneum for the spleen and liver, and the mesentery for the intestines.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is A.
Which of the following is the structure through which blood exits the glomerulus?
A. Proximal tubule
B. Distal tubule
C. Afferent arteriole
D. Efferent arteriole
The Correct Answer is D.The glomerulus is a network of capillaries that filters blood and forms the primary urine. The blood enters the glomerulus through the afferent arteriole and leaves through the efferent arteriole. The efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole, creating a high pressure in the glomerulus that facilitates filtration.
Which of the following is a group that can be measured against the experimental group?
A. Manipulated
B. Responding
C. Variable
D. Control
The Correct Answer is D.The experimental group is the group that receives the treatment or intervention in a scientific study. To evaluate the effect of the treatment, the experimental group is compared to another group that does not receive the treatment. This group is called the control group. The control group serves as a baseline or reference point for the experimental group. The control group should be as similar as possible to the experimental group in all other aspects, except for the treatment
| #OF FILTERS | MASS (g) |
TERMINAL VELOCITY (m/s) |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1.01 | 1.74 |
| 2 | 1.99 | 2.48 |
| 3 | 3.02 | 3.04 |
| 4 | 4.0 | 3.50 |
| 5 | 5.01 | 3.80 |
A group of students perform an experiment to test terminal velocity, which is the greatest speed obtained by a falling object. The students dropped different numbers of coffee filters and measured the resulting terminal velocity. Which of the following conclusions is supported by the data in the following data table?
A. Terminal velocity is when the force of gravity is equal to air resistance.
B. Heavier objects take more time to reach terminal velocity.
C. The greater the number of filters, the smaller the terminal velocity
D. Heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects.
The Correct Answer is D.Terminal velocity is the maximum speed achieved by an object freely falling through a gas or liquid. At terminal velocity, the forces acting on the object are balanced so it is no longer accelerating. Terminal velocity is achieved when the force of gravity is equal to air resistance. From the data table you provided, we can see that as the mass of the coffee filters increases, so does the terminal velocity. This means that heavier objects fall faster than lighter objects. Therefore, conclusion D is supported by the data in the table.
Which of the following can lead to a tsunami?
A. Lightning strikes
B. Flooding
C. Earthquakes
D. Sunspot activity
The Correct Answer is C.A tsunami is a series of large waves that are caused by the displacement of a large volume of water in the ocean or a large lake. The most common cause of tsunamis is earthquakes, which can generate seismic waves that travel through the water and create sudden changes in water level.
Which of the following statements best describes the function of erythropoietin in the human body?
A. It aids in lowering oxygen levels in the blood.
B. It aids in raising levels of clotting factors in the blood.
C. It aids in raising hemoglobin levels in the blood.
D. It aids in lowering CO2 levels in the blood.
The Correct Answer is C.Erythropoietin is a hormone that is produced by the kidneys and stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein that binds to oxygen and transports it to the tissues. Therefore, erythropoietin helps to maintain adequate oxygen levels in the blood and prevent anemia.
Which of the following indicates the function of sodium bicarbonate released by the pancreas?
A. Sodium bicarbonate inhibits peristalsis.
B. Sodium bicarbonate stimulates the pyloric sphincter.
C. Sodium bicarbonate is a protease that digests carbohydrates.
D. Sodium bicarbonate neutralizes the acidity of chyme.
The Correct Answer is D.The pancreas releases sodium bicarbonate into the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. The main function of sodium bicarbonate is to neutralize the acidity of chyme, the semi-digested food that comes from the stomach. By doing so, sodium bicarbonate creates a more alkaline environment that is suitable for the action of pancreatic enzymes. Sodium bicarbonate does not affect peristalsis, the rhythmic contraction of the intestinal muscles, nor does it stimulate the pyloric sphincter, the valve that controls the passage of food from the stomach to the duodenum. Sodium bicarbonate is not a protease, an enzyme that digests proteins, nor does it digest carbohydrates.
Which of the following ions binds to the troponin complex, initiating contraction of a muscle?
A. Sodium
B. Potassium
C. Calcium
D. Phosphorus
The Correct Answer is C.When a muscle cell is stimulated by a nerve impulse, calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm. The calcium ions bind to the troponin complex, which is a protein that regulates the interaction between actin and myosin filaments. The binding of calcium to troponin causes a conformational change that exposes the binding sites for myosin on the actin filaments. This allows the myosin heads to attach to the actin and pull the filaments past each other, resulting in muscle contraction.
Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?
A. Pulmonary vein
B. Pulmonary artery
C. Superior vena cava
D. Inferior vena cava
The Correct Answer is A.The pulmonary vein is the only vessel in the list that carries oxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs, where it gets oxygenated. The superior and inferior vena cava are large veins that carry deoxygenated blood from the upper and lower body, respectively, to the heart.
Which of the following glands synthesizes antidiuretic hormone?
A. Pancreas
B. Pineal gland
C. Hypothalamus
D. Thymus
The Correct Answer is C.Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a peptide hormone that regulates the water balance in the body by increasing the reabsorption of water by the kidneys. ADH is synthesized by the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that controls many functions, such as appetite, sleep, and body temperature. ADH is then stored and released by the posterior pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain.
Which of the following summarizes a change that takes place as a solid turns to a liquid?
A. Particles become less ordered.
B. Intermolecular forces between particles become stronger.
C. Particles move closer together.
D. Particles have a decrease in mobility.
The Correct Answer is A.When a solid turns into a liquid during the process of melting, the particles within the solid gain enough energy to overcome the attractive forces holding them in a fixed arrangement. As a result, the particles become less ordered and more mobile, transitioning from a rigid structure to a more fluid state.