A. Acids to produce salts and water
B. Salts to produce acids and water
C. Water to produce acids and salts
D. Neither acids, salts, nor water
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A) Acids to produce salts and water (Correct Answer): Bases react with acids to form salts and water. This reaction is a common characteristic of bases, where they accept protons (H+) from acids to form water and salts.
B) Salts to produce acids and water: Bases typically do not react with salts to produce acids and water. The reaction between a base and a salt is not a common reaction in chemistry.
C) Water to produce acids and salts: Bases do not react with water to produce acids and salts. Bases can ionize in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-) but do not typically react with water to produce acids and salts.
D) Neither acids, salts, nor water: Bases do react with acids to form salts and water, making choice D incorrect. Bases do not react with salts or water to produce acids, salts, or water.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is A.
What ions make ethanoic acid acidic?
A. H+ ions
B. OH- ions
C. Na+ ions
D. Cl- ions
The Correct Answer is A.A) H+ ions (Correct Answer): Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) is acidic because it donates protons (H+) in solution, leading to the formation of hydronium ions (H3O+). This process characterizes acids.
B) OH- ions: Hydroxide ions (OH-) typically characterize bases, not acids. Ethanoic acid doesn't contain hydroxide ions.
C) Na+ ions: Sodium ions (Na+) are not responsible for the acidity of ethanoic acid. Na+ ions are typically found in salts and do not contribute to acidity.
D) Cl- ions: Chloride ions (Cl-) are not responsible for the acidity of ethanoic acid. Cl- ions are typically found in salts and do not contribute to acidity.
How can copper sulfate crystals be separated from copper sulfate solution?
A. Filtration
B. Distillation
C. Decantation
D. Evaporation
The Correct Answer is D.A) Filtration: Filtration is not suitable for separating dissolved substances from a solution. It is typically used to separate solid particles from a liquid mixture.
B) Distillation: Distillation is a process used to separate components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points. It is not typically used to separate solid crystals from a solution.
C) Decantation: Decantation involves pouring off the liquid portion of a mixture, leaving the solid behind. While it can be used to separate solid and liquid phases, it may not effectively separate dissolved copper sulfate from the solution.
D) Evaporation (Correct Answer): Evaporation involves heating the solution to allow the solvent (water) to vaporize, leaving behind the solute (copper sulfate) as solid crystals. This process is commonly used to obtain solid crystals from a solution.
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide?
A. Salt and water
B. Carbon dioxide and water
C. Oxygen gas and water
D. Hydrogen gas and water
The Correct Answer is A.A) Salt and water (Correct Answer): When an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide, a salt and water are typically produced. The metal in the metal hydroxide combines with the acid to form a salt, and water is produced as a byproduct of the reaction.
B) Carbon dioxide and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, not a metal hydroxide. When carbonates react with acids, carbon dioxide gas is produced along with water and a salt.
C) Oxygen gas and water: This reaction is not typical when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide. Metal hydroxides generally do not produce oxygen gas when reacting with acids.
D) Hydrogen gas and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal, not a metal hydroxide. When metals react with acids, hydrogen gas is typically produced along with water and a salt.
Which type of solution is one with a pH of 8?:
A. Acidic
B. Basic
C. Neutral
D. Pure
The Correct Answer is B.a. Acidic: Solutions with pH values below 7 are considered acidic. A pH of 8 indicates a solution that is more basic than acidic.
b. Basic (Correct Answer): Solutions with pH values above 7 are considered basic or alkaline. A pH of 8 indicates a basic solution.
c. Neutral: Solutions with a pH of 7 are considered neutral. A pH of 8 indicates a solution that is slightly basic, not neutral.
A universal indicator has the ability to indicate the full range of pH values on the pH scale by color changes. Acids change the color of universal indicator towards:
A. Yellow, green, and blue colors.
B. Green, blue, and purple colors.
C. White, grey, and black colors.
D. Yellow, orange, and red colors
The Correct Answer is D.A. Yellow, green, and blue colors: This sequence of colors does not represent the typical color changes observed in universal indicator when exposed to acidic solutions. Universal indicator typically changes from green/blue in neutral solutions to yellow/orange/red in acidic solutions.
B. Green, blue, and purple colors: Purple is not typically observed in the color changes of universal indicator in acidic solutions. Universal indicator usually transitions from green/blue in neutral solutions to yellow/orange/red in acidic solutions.
C. White, grey, and black colors: These colors are not typically observed in the color changes of universal indicator. Universal indicator undergoes a series of color changes from green/blue to yellow/orange/red in acidic solutions.
D. Yellow, orange, and red colors. (Correct Answer): Universal indicator typically changes from green/blue in neutral solutions to yellow/orange/red in acidic solutions. This sequence of colors represents the typical color changes observed in universal indicator when exposed to acidic solutions.
What color do acids make litmus paper turn?
A. Red
B. Yellow
C. Blue
D. Black
The Correct Answer is A.A) Red (Correct Answer): Acids turn litmus paper red. Litmus paper is a common indicator that changes color in response to changes in acidity or alkalinity. Acids change the blue litmus paper to red.
B) Yellow: Acids do not typically turn litmus paper yellow. Litmus paper is generally unaffected by acids in a way that would cause it to turn yellow.
C) Blue: Acids do not turn litmus paper blue. Instead, they change blue litmus paper to red.
D) Black: Acids do not turn litmus paper black. Litmus paper is not expected to change to black in the presence of acids.
A solution with a pH of 5.0 _____.
A. has a hydrogen-ion concentration of 5.0M
B. is neutral
C. has a hydroxide-ion concentration of 1 x 10 –9 M
D. None of the above
The Correct Answer is D.a. is basic: Incorrect. Solutions with pH values less than 7 are acidic, not basic. A pH of 5.0 indicates an acidic solution.
b. has a hydrogen-ion concentration of 5.0M: Incorrect. The pH value does not directly provide information about the concentration of hydrogen ions. pH is a logarithmic scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
c. is neutral: Incorrect. Solutions with a pH of 7 are considered neutral. A pH of 5.0 indicates an acidic solution.
d. has a hydroxide-ion concentration of 1 x 10 –9 M: Incorrect. This statement relates to the calculation of hydroxide-ion concentration in a neutral solution using the Kw value (the ion product of water). It does not directly pertain to the pH value of the solution.
What is produced when an acid reacts with ammonia?
A. Water
B. Ammonia and Water
C. Ammonium salt
D. Hydrogen gas
The Correct Answer is C.A) Water: Water is not typically produced when an acid reacts with ammonia. Water may be present in the reaction mixture, but it is not a direct product of the reaction between the acid and ammonia.
B) Ammonium chloride: Water and ammonia are not typically produced when an acid reacts with ammonia.
C) Ammonium salt (Correct Answer): When an acid reacts with ammonia, an ammonium salt is typically formed. The specific ammonium salt produced depends on the acid used in the reaction.
D) Hydrogen gas: Hydrogen gas is not typically produced when an acid reacts with ammonia. The reaction between an acid and ammonia does not involve the liberation of hydrogen gas.
What is a precipitate?
A. A gas formed during a chemical reaction
B. A liquid formed when two aqueous solutions react
C. A solid formed when two aqueous solutions react
D. A solution formed during a chemical reaction
The Correct Answer is C.A) A gas formed during a chemical reaction: While gases can indeed be produced during chemical reactions, a precipitate specifically refers to a solid that forms during a reaction.
B) A liquid formed when two aqueous solutions react: Precipitates are not liquids. They are solids that are formed when certain ions combine to form an insoluble compound.
C) A solid formed when two aqueous solutions react (Correct Answer): A precipitate is indeed a solid substance that forms when two aqueous solutions react and certain ions combine to create an insoluble compound.
D) A solution formed during a chemical reaction: A precipitate is not a solution. It is the solid product that separates out of a solution during a chemical reaction due to its limited solubility.
Why is ethanoic acid a weak acid?
A. Because it reacts slowly with bases
B. Because it forms a basic solution when dissolved in water
C. Because it only partially dissociates in solution
D. Because it has a low pH value
The Correct Answer is C.Rationale for each choice:
A) Because it reacts slowly with bases: The rate of reaction with bases does not determine whether an acid is weak or strong. Ethanoic acid's reaction rate with bases is not a primary factor in its classification as a weak acid.
B) Because it forms a basic solution when dissolved in water: This statement is incorrect. Ethanoic acid is an acid and forms acidic solutions when dissolved in water.
C) Because it only partially dissociates in solution (Correct Answer): Ethanoic acid is considered a weak acid because it only partially dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and acetate ions (CH3COO-) in solution. This partial dissociation results in a lower concentration of hydrogen ions compared to strong acids.
D) Because it has a low pH value: While weak acids generally have higher pH values compared to strong acids, the pH value alone does not determine whether an acid is weak or strong. Ethanoic acid's weak acidity is primarily attributed to its partial dissociation in solution, rather than its pH value.