A. To provide energy for photosynthesis
B. To build cellulose in cell walls
C. To build amino acids and proteins
D. To regulate water uptake
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A) To provide energy for photosynthesis: While nitrogen is essential for various metabolic processes in plants, it is not directly involved in providing energy for photosynthesis. Instead, plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose during photosynthesis.
B) To build cellulose in cell walls: Nitrogen is not directly involved in the synthesis of cellulose, which is primarily composed of glucose units. Cellulose synthesis mainly relies on carbon and hydrogen, which are obtained from carbon dioxide and water during photosynthesis.
C) To build amino acids and proteins: Plants use nitrogen from fertilizers to synthesize amino acids and proteins. Nitrogen is a crucial component of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, which are essential for plant growth, development, and various physiological processes.
D) To regulate water uptake (Correct Answer): Nitrogen plays a role in regulating various physiological processes in plants, including water uptake. It affects the osmotic potential of plant cells and helps regulate the movement of water and nutrients within the plant.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is D.
Which one of the following must be added to dilute hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen?
A. Iron
B. Iron sulfide
C. Copper chloride
D. Sulfur
The Correct Answer is A.A. Iron (Correct Answer): Iron can react with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas according to the following reaction:
2HCl + Fe => FeCl2 + H2
So, adding iron to dilute hydrochloric acid would produce hydrogen gas.
B. Iron sulfide: Iron sulfide may react with hydrochloric acid, but it does not directly produce hydrogen gas. The reaction would likely produce hydrogen sulfide gas instead.
C. Copper chloride: Copper chloride does not react with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. The reaction between copper chloride and hydrochloric acid would likely produce copper chloride and hydrogen chloride gas.
D. Sulfur: Sulfur does not react with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. The reaction between sulfur and hydrochloric acid would likely produce hydrogen sulfide gas.
What is an appropriate pH value for hydrochloric acid?
A. pH 2-4
B. pH 1-3
C. pH 0-2
D. pH 3-5
The Correct Answer is B.Rationale for each choice:
A) pH 2-4: While hydrochloric acid is indeed highly acidic, a pH range of 2-4 would suggest a slightly less concentrated solution. However, this range might still be appropriate for dilute or partially neutralized hydrochloric acid.
A) pH 1-3 (Correct Answer): Hydrochloric acid typically has a very low pH due to its strong acidic nature. A pH range of 1-3 is commonly observed for concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions.
C) pH 0-2: This range suggests an even stronger acidity, which could be true for very concentrated hydrochloric acid solutions, although they might not commonly occur in typical laboratory or industrial settings.
D) pH 3-5: This pH range would indicate a significantly less acidic solution compared to hydrochloric acid. Such a pH range might be more appropriate for weak acids or diluted hydrochloric acid solutions rather than the concentrated form.
Suggest a pH value for ammonia solution.
A. 7-8
B. 9-10
C. 10-13
D. 13-14
The Correct Answer is C.A) 7-8: This pH range suggests a neutral to slightly basic solution. Ammonia solution is typically more alkaline than this range.
B) 9-10: This pH range suggests a slightly basic solution. Ammonia solution is generally more alkaline than this range.
C) 10-13 (Correct Answer): Ammonia solution is typically alkaline and falls within the pH range of 10-13. Ammonia reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-), resulting in an alkaline solution.
D) 13-14: This pH range suggests a highly basic solution, which may be too high for typical ammonia solutions. Ammonia solutions are usually within the pH range of 10-13.
Strong bases are:
A. Strong electrolytes
B. Weak electrolytes
C. Nonelectrolytes
D. Also strong acids
The Correct Answer is A.a. Strong electrolytes (Correct Answer): Strong bases completely dissociate into ions in solution, making them strong electrolytes. They conduct electricity well due to the presence of a high concentration of ions.
b. Weak electrolytes: Strong bases, unlike weak bases, completely dissociate in solution, resulting in a high concentration of ions. Therefore, they are considered strong electrolytes, not weak electrolytes.
c. Nonelectrolytes: Nonelectrolytes do not ionize in solution and do not conduct electricity. Strong bases, however, ionize completely in solution, making them strong electrolytes.
d. Also strong acids: Strong bases and strong acids are two distinct types of compounds. Strong bases ionize completely in solution to produce hydroxide ions, while strong acids ionize completely to produce hydrogen ions (H+). They are not the same.
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide?
A. Salt and water
B. Carbon dioxide and water
C. Oxygen gas and water
D. Hydrogen gas and water
The Correct Answer is A.A) Salt and water (Correct Answer): When an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide, a salt and water are typically produced. The metal in the metal hydroxide combines with the acid to form a salt, and water is produced as a byproduct of the reaction.
B) Carbon dioxide and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, not a metal hydroxide. When carbonates react with acids, carbon dioxide gas is produced along with water and a salt.
C) Oxygen gas and water: This reaction is not typical when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide. Metal hydroxides generally do not produce oxygen gas when reacting with acids.
D) Hydrogen gas and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal, not a metal hydroxide. When metals react with acids, hydrogen gas is typically produced along with water and a salt.
How can solid lead iodide be separated from solution?
A. Filtration
B. Distillation
C. Decantation
D. Chromatography
The Correct Answer is A.A) Filtration: Solid lead iodide can be separated from the solution using filtration. Filtration involves passing the mixture through a filter paper or porous material, allowing the solid particles to be retained while the liquid passes through.
B) Distillation: Distillation is a process used to separate components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points. It is not typically used to separate solid lead iodide from a solution.
C) Decantation: Decantation involves carefully pouring off the liquid portion of a mixture, leaving the solid behind. While it can be used to separate solid and liquid phases, it may not be as effective as filtration for separating fine solid particles like lead iodide.
D) Chromatography: Chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures based on differences in the components' distribution between two phases: a stationary phase and a mobile phase. It is not typically used for separating solid lead iodide from a solution.
What ions make ethanoic acid acidic?
A. H+ ions
B. OH- ions
C. Na+ ions
D. Cl- ions
The Correct Answer is A.A) H+ ions (Correct Answer): Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) is acidic because it donates protons (H+) in solution, leading to the formation of hydronium ions (H3O+). This process characterizes acids.
B) OH- ions: Hydroxide ions (OH-) typically characterize bases, not acids. Ethanoic acid doesn't contain hydroxide ions.
C) Na+ ions: Sodium ions (Na+) are not responsible for the acidity of ethanoic acid. Na+ ions are typically found in salts and do not contribute to acidity.
D) Cl- ions: Chloride ions (Cl-) are not responsible for the acidity of ethanoic acid. Cl- ions are typically found in salts and do not contribute to acidity.
Which type of solution is one with a pH of 8?:
A. Acidic
B. Basic
C. Neutral
D. Pure
The Correct Answer is B.a. Acidic: Solutions with pH values below 7 are considered acidic. A pH of 8 indicates a solution that is more basic than acidic.
b. Basic (Correct Answer): Solutions with pH values above 7 are considered basic or alkaline. A pH of 8 indicates a basic solution.
c. Neutral: Solutions with a pH of 7 are considered neutral. A pH of 8 indicates a solution that is slightly basic, not neutral.
What do plants use the nitrogen in fertilizers for?
A. To provide energy for photosynthesis
B. To build cellulose in cell walls
C. To build amino acids and proteins
D. To regulate water uptake
The Correct Answer is D.A) To provide energy for photosynthesis: While nitrogen is essential for various metabolic processes in plants, it is not directly involved in providing energy for photosynthesis. Instead, plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose during photosynthesis.
B) To build cellulose in cell walls: Nitrogen is not directly involved in the synthesis of cellulose, which is primarily composed of glucose units. Cellulose synthesis mainly relies on carbon and hydrogen, which are obtained from carbon dioxide and water during photosynthesis.
C) To build amino acids and proteins: Plants use nitrogen from fertilizers to synthesize amino acids and proteins. Nitrogen is a crucial component of amino acids, the building blocks of proteins, which are essential for plant growth, development, and various physiological processes.
D) To regulate water uptake (Correct Answer): Nitrogen plays a role in regulating various physiological processes in plants, including water uptake. It affects the osmotic potential of plant cells and helps regulate the movement of water and nutrients within the plant.
How can copper sulfate crystals be separated from copper sulfate solution?
A. Filtration
B. Distillation
C. Decantation
D. Evaporation
The Correct Answer is D.A) Filtration: Filtration is not suitable for separating dissolved substances from a solution. It is typically used to separate solid particles from a liquid mixture.
B) Distillation: Distillation is a process used to separate components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points. It is not typically used to separate solid crystals from a solution.
C) Decantation: Decantation involves pouring off the liquid portion of a mixture, leaving the solid behind. While it can be used to separate solid and liquid phases, it may not effectively separate dissolved copper sulfate from the solution.
D) Evaporation (Correct Answer): Evaporation involves heating the solution to allow the solvent (water) to vaporize, leaving behind the solute (copper sulfate) as solid crystals. This process is commonly used to obtain solid crystals from a solution.