A. H+ ions
B. OH- ions
C. Na+ ions
D. Cl- ions
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A) H+ ions (Correct Answer): Ethanoic acid (acetic acid) is acidic because it donates protons (H+) in solution, leading to the formation of hydronium ions (H3O+). This process characterizes acids.
B) OH- ions: Hydroxide ions (OH-) typically characterize bases, not acids. Ethanoic acid doesn't contain hydroxide ions.
C) Na+ ions: Sodium ions (Na+) are not responsible for the acidity of ethanoic acid. Na+ ions are typically found in salts and do not contribute to acidity.
D) Cl- ions: Chloride ions (Cl-) are not responsible for the acidity of ethanoic acid. Cl- ions are typically found in salts and do not contribute to acidity.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is A.
What type of reaction occurs between sulfuric acid and ammonia?
A. Oxidation
B. Reduction
C. Neutralization
D. Precipitation
The Correct Answer is C.A) Oxidation: Sulfuric acid and ammonia do not participate in an oxidation-reduction reaction, where one substance loses electrons (oxidation) and another gains electrons (reduction).
B) Reduction: Sulfuric acid and ammonia do not participate in an oxidation-reduction reaction, so reduction is not the correct type of reaction.
C) Neutralization (Correct Answer): When sulfuric acid reacts with ammonia, a neutralization reaction occurs. The acidic hydrogen ions (H+) from sulfuric acid react with the basic ammonia molecules (NH3) to form ammonium ions (NH4+) and sulfate ions (SO4^2-), resulting in the formation of an ammonium sulfate salt.
D) Precipitation: A precipitation reaction occurs when two solutions react to form an insoluble solid (precipitate). However, sulfuric acid and ammonia do not form an insoluble product when they react. Therefore, precipitation is not the correct type of reaction for this scenario.
When copper sulfate is made by reacting copper oxide with sulfuric acid, the acid is heated. Why?
A. To increase the rate of reaction
B. To decrease the rate of reaction
C. To prevent the formation of byproducts
D. To decrease the energy of activation
The Correct Answer is A.A) To increase the rate of reaction (Correct Answer): Heating the sulfuric acid increases the kinetic energy of the particles, leading to more frequent and energetic collisions between the reactant particles. This, in turn, increases the rate of reaction between copper oxide and sulfuric acid, facilitating the production of copper sulfate.
B) To decrease the rate of reaction: Heating typically increases the rate of reaction by providing more energy for particles to overcome the activation energy barrier. Decreasing the temperature would slow down the reaction, which is not the intended outcome in this scenario.
C) To prevent the formation of byproducts: While heating may influence the selectivity of reactions and the formation of byproducts in some cases, the primary purpose of heating sulfuric acid in this context is to increase the rate of reaction rather than to prevent the formation of byproducts.
D) To decrease the energy of activation: Heating increases the energy of particles, helping them overcome the energy barrier required for the reaction to occur. Therefore, heating sulfuric acid would increase the energy of activation rather than decrease it.
Which type of solution is one with a pH of 8?:
A. Acidic
B. Basic
C. Neutral
D. Pure
The Correct Answer is B.a. Acidic: Solutions with pH values below 7 are considered acidic. A pH of 8 indicates a solution that is more basic than acidic.
b. Basic (Correct Answer): Solutions with pH values above 7 are considered basic or alkaline. A pH of 8 indicates a basic solution.
c. Neutral: Solutions with a pH of 7 are considered neutral. A pH of 8 indicates a solution that is slightly basic, not neutral.
How can solid lead iodide be separated from solution?
A. Filtration
B. Distillation
C. Decantation
D. Chromatography
The Correct Answer is A.A) Filtration: Solid lead iodide can be separated from the solution using filtration. Filtration involves passing the mixture through a filter paper or porous material, allowing the solid particles to be retained while the liquid passes through.
B) Distillation: Distillation is a process used to separate components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points. It is not typically used to separate solid lead iodide from a solution.
C) Decantation: Decantation involves carefully pouring off the liquid portion of a mixture, leaving the solid behind. While it can be used to separate solid and liquid phases, it may not be as effective as filtration for separating fine solid particles like lead iodide.
D) Chromatography: Chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures based on differences in the components' distribution between two phases: a stationary phase and a mobile phase. It is not typically used for separating solid lead iodide from a solution.
What is produced when an acid reacts with ammonia?
A. Water
B. Ammonia and Water
C. Ammonium salt
D. Hydrogen gas
The Correct Answer is C.A) Water: Water is not typically produced when an acid reacts with ammonia. Water may be present in the reaction mixture, but it is not a direct product of the reaction between the acid and ammonia.
B) Ammonium chloride: Water and ammonia are not typically produced when an acid reacts with ammonia.
C) Ammonium salt (Correct Answer): When an acid reacts with ammonia, an ammonium salt is typically formed. The specific ammonium salt produced depends on the acid used in the reaction.
D) Hydrogen gas: Hydrogen gas is not typically produced when an acid reacts with ammonia. The reaction between an acid and ammonia does not involve the liberation of hydrogen gas.
When acids and bases react together, we call this a:
A. Neutralization reaction.
B. Decomposition reaction.
C. Synthesis reaction.
D. Redox reaction.
The Correct Answer is A.A. Neutralization reaction. (Correct Answer): When acids and bases react, they undergo a neutralization reaction, resulting in the formation of water and a salt. In this reaction, the acidic properties of the acid are neutralized by the basic properties of the base.
B. Decomposition reaction: A decomposition reaction involves the breakdown of a compound into smaller substances. It does not typically describe the reaction between acids and bases.
C. Synthesis reaction: A synthesis reaction involves the formation of a compound from simpler substances. It does not typically describe the reaction between acids and bases.
D. Redox reaction: A redox reaction involves the transfer of electrons between reactants. While redox reactions can occur in certain acid-base reactions, they are not specific to the reaction between acids and bases. The typical reaction between acids and bases involves proton transfer rather than electron transfer. Therefore, "neutralization reaction" is a more specific and accurate term for this type of reaction.
A universal indicator has the ability to indicate the full range of pH values on the pH scale by color changes. Acids change the color of universal indicator towards:
A. Yellow, green, and blue colors.
B. Green, blue, and purple colors.
C. White, grey, and black colors.
D. Yellow, orange, and red colors
The Correct Answer is D.A. Yellow, green, and blue colors: This sequence of colors does not represent the typical color changes observed in universal indicator when exposed to acidic solutions. Universal indicator typically changes from green/blue in neutral solutions to yellow/orange/red in acidic solutions.
B. Green, blue, and purple colors: Purple is not typically observed in the color changes of universal indicator in acidic solutions. Universal indicator usually transitions from green/blue in neutral solutions to yellow/orange/red in acidic solutions.
C. White, grey, and black colors: These colors are not typically observed in the color changes of universal indicator. Universal indicator undergoes a series of color changes from green/blue to yellow/orange/red in acidic solutions.
D. Yellow, orange, and red colors. (Correct Answer): Universal indicator typically changes from green/blue in neutral solutions to yellow/orange/red in acidic solutions. This sequence of colors represents the typical color changes observed in universal indicator when exposed to acidic solutions.
Why is dry hydrogen chloride gas not acidic?
A. Because it does not react with water
B. Because it does not contain hydrogen ions (H+)
C. Because it contains hydrogen ions but not chloride ions (Cl-)
D. Because hydrogen is bonded to chlorine in dry HCl and not dissociated
The Correct Answer is D.A) Because it does not react with water: While dry hydrogen chloride gas does not react with water, the absence of this reaction does not inherently determine its acidity. Acidity is determined by the presence of hydrogen ions in solution.
B) Because it does not contain hydrogen ions (H+): Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not contain free hydrogen ions, which are characteristic of acidic solutions. However, the absence of hydrogen ions alone does not explain why dry hydrogen chloride gas is not acidic.
C) Because it contains hydrogen ions but not chloride ions (Cl-): Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not contain free chloride ions, but the presence of hydrogen ions is crucial for acidity. However, the absence of chloride ions alone does not fully explain why dry hydrogen chloride gas is not acidic.
D) Because hydrogen is bonded to chlorine in dry HCl and not dissociated (Correct Answer): Dry hydrogen chloride gas does not dissociate into hydrogen ions (H+) and chloride ions (Cl-) because there is no water present to facilitate dissociation. Therefore, it does not exhibit acidic properties in the absence of dissociation.
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal oxide?
A. Salt and water
B. Carbon dioxide and water
C. Oxygen gas and water
D. Hydrogen gas and water
The Correct Answer is A.A) Salt and water (Correct Answer): When an acid reacts with a metal oxide, a salt and water are typically produced. The metal in the metal oxide combines with the acid to form a salt, and water is produced as a byproduct of the reaction.
B) Carbon dioxide and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, not a metal oxide. When carbonates react with acids, carbon dioxide gas is produced along with water and a salt.
C) Oxygen gas and water: This reaction is not typical when an acid reacts with a metal oxide. Metal oxides generally do not produce oxygen gas when reacting with acids.
D) Hydrogen gas and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal, not a metal oxide. When metals react with acids, hydrogen gas is typically produced along with water and a salt.
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate?
A. Salt and water
B. Carbon dioxide and water
C. Oxygen gas and water
D. Salt and hydrogen gas
The Correct Answer is B.A) Salt and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide or a metal oxide, not with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate.
B) Carbon dioxide and water (Correct Answer): When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate, carbon dioxide gas is produced along with water and a salt. The carbonates decompose into carbon dioxide gas, water, and a salt when reacting with acids.
C) Oxygen gas and water: This reaction is not typical when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate. Metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates generally do not produce oxygen gas when reacting with acids.
D) Salt and hydrogen gas: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal, not with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate. When metals react with acids, hydrogen gas is typically produced along with a salt.