A. Neutralization reaction.
B. Decomposition reaction.
C. Synthesis reaction.
D. Redox reaction.
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A. Neutralization reaction. (Correct Answer): When acids and bases react, they undergo a neutralization reaction, resulting in the formation of water and a salt. In this reaction, the acidic properties of the acid are neutralized by the basic properties of the base.
B. Decomposition reaction: A decomposition reaction involves the breakdown of a compound into smaller substances. It does not typically describe the reaction between acids and bases.
C. Synthesis reaction: A synthesis reaction involves the formation of a compound from simpler substances. It does not typically describe the reaction between acids and bases.
D. Redox reaction: A redox reaction involves the transfer of electrons between reactants. While redox reactions can occur in certain acid-base reactions, they are not specific to the reaction between acids and bases. The typical reaction between acids and bases involves proton transfer rather than electron transfer. Therefore, "neutralization reaction" is a more specific and accurate term for this type of reaction.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is A.
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid and base?
A. Acids are electron donors and bases are electron acceptors.
B. Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors.
C. Acids are proton acceptors and bases are proton donors.
D. Acids are compounds that increase the concentration of hydroxide ions in solution and bases are compounds that increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution.
The Correct Answer is B.A) Acids are electron donors and bases are electron acceptors: This statement describes the Lewis definition of acids and bases, which focuses on the transfer of electron pairs, rather than the Brønsted-Lowry definition, which involves the transfer of protons.
B) Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors. (Correct Answer): According to the Brønsted-Lowry definition, an acid is a substance that donates a proton (H+ ion), while a base is a substance that accepts a proton.
C) Acids are proton acceptors and bases are proton donors: This statement incorrectly describes the roles of acids and bases according to the Brønsted-Lowry definition. Acids donate protons, while bases accept protons.
D) Acids are compounds that increase the concentration of hydroxide ions in solution and bases are compounds that increase the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution: This statement does not accurately represent the Brønsted-Lowry definition. Acids and bases are defined based on their behavior regarding proton transfer, not changes in ion concentration.
Which acid is needed to make ammonium nitrate?
A. Sulfuric acid
B. Hydrochloric acid
C. Nitric acid
D. Acetic acid
The Correct Answer is C.A) Sulfuric acid: Sulfuric acid is not used in the production of ammonium nitrate. Although sulfuric acid is a widely used acid in various industries, it is not involved in the synthesis of ammonium nitrate.
B) Hydrochloric acid: Hydrochloric acid is not used in the production of ammonium nitrate. While it is an important industrial acid, it does not react with ammonia to produce ammonium nitrate.
C) Nitric acid (Correct Answer): Ammonium nitrate is typically produced by reacting ammonia (NH3) with nitric acid (HNO3). The reaction forms ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), which is a common fertilizer and explosive compound.
D) Acetic acid: Acetic acid, commonly known as vinegar, is not used in the production of ammonium nitrate. It is a weak acid and does not react with ammonia to form ammonium nitrate.
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal oxide?
A. Salt and water
B. Carbon dioxide and water
C. Oxygen gas and water
D. Hydrogen gas and water
The Correct Answer is A.A) Salt and water (Correct Answer): When an acid reacts with a metal oxide, a salt and water are typically produced. The metal in the metal oxide combines with the acid to form a salt, and water is produced as a byproduct of the reaction.
B) Carbon dioxide and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, not a metal oxide. When carbonates react with acids, carbon dioxide gas is produced along with water and a salt.
C) Oxygen gas and water: This reaction is not typical when an acid reacts with a metal oxide. Metal oxides generally do not produce oxygen gas when reacting with acids.
D) Hydrogen gas and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal, not a metal oxide. When metals react with acids, hydrogen gas is typically produced along with water and a salt.
What is the formula of ammonium sulfate?
A. NH4SO4
B. (NH4)2SO4
C. (NH4)SO4
D. (NH3)2SO4
The Correct Answer is B.A) NH4SO4: This formula suggests a compound where one ammonium ion is combined with one sulfate ion, which is not the correct composition of ammonium sulfate.
B) (NH4)2SO4 (Correct Answer): This formula correctly represents ammonium sulfate, indicating that it consists of two ammonium ions (NH4+) and one sulfate ion (SO4^2-).
C) (NH4)SO4: This formula suggests a compound with one ammonium ion combined with one sulfate ion, which is not the correct composition of ammonium sulfate.
D) (NH3)2SO4: This formula suggests a compound where two ammonia molecules (NH3) are combined with one sulfate ion, which is incorrect. Ammonium sulfate contains ammonium ions (NH4+), not ammonia molecules (NH3).
How can copper sulfate crystals be separated from copper sulfate solution?
A. Filtration
B. Distillation
C. Decantation
D. Evaporation
The Correct Answer is D.A) Filtration: Filtration is not suitable for separating dissolved substances from a solution. It is typically used to separate solid particles from a liquid mixture.
B) Distillation: Distillation is a process used to separate components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points. It is not typically used to separate solid crystals from a solution.
C) Decantation: Decantation involves pouring off the liquid portion of a mixture, leaving the solid behind. While it can be used to separate solid and liquid phases, it may not effectively separate dissolved copper sulfate from the solution.
D) Evaporation (Correct Answer): Evaporation involves heating the solution to allow the solvent (water) to vaporize, leaving behind the solute (copper sulfate) as solid crystals. This process is commonly used to obtain solid crystals from a solution.
What color do acids make litmus paper turn?
A. Red
B. Yellow
C. Blue
D. Black
The Correct Answer is A.A) Red (Correct Answer): Acids turn litmus paper red. Litmus paper is a common indicator that changes color in response to changes in acidity or alkalinity. Acids change the blue litmus paper to red.
B) Yellow: Acids do not typically turn litmus paper yellow. Litmus paper is generally unaffected by acids in a way that would cause it to turn yellow.
C) Blue: Acids do not turn litmus paper blue. Instead, they change blue litmus paper to red.
D) Black: Acids do not turn litmus paper black. Litmus paper is not expected to change to black in the presence of acids.
A solution with a pH of 5.0 _____.
A. has a hydrogen-ion concentration of 5.0M
B. is neutral
C. has a hydroxide-ion concentration of 1 x 10 –9 M
D. None of the above
The Correct Answer is D.a. is basic: Incorrect. Solutions with pH values less than 7 are acidic, not basic. A pH of 5.0 indicates an acidic solution.
b. has a hydrogen-ion concentration of 5.0M: Incorrect. The pH value does not directly provide information about the concentration of hydrogen ions. pH is a logarithmic scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
c. is neutral: Incorrect. Solutions with a pH of 7 are considered neutral. A pH of 5.0 indicates an acidic solution.
d. has a hydroxide-ion concentration of 1 x 10 –9 M: Incorrect. This statement relates to the calculation of hydroxide-ion concentration in a neutral solution using the Kw value (the ion product of water). It does not directly pertain to the pH value of the solution.
Strong bases are:
A. Strong electrolytes
B. Weak electrolytes
C. Nonelectrolytes
D. Also strong acids
The Correct Answer is A.a. Strong electrolytes (Correct Answer): Strong bases completely dissociate into ions in solution, making them strong electrolytes. They conduct electricity well due to the presence of a high concentration of ions.
b. Weak electrolytes: Strong bases, unlike weak bases, completely dissociate in solution, resulting in a high concentration of ions. Therefore, they are considered strong electrolytes, not weak electrolytes.
c. Nonelectrolytes: Nonelectrolytes do not ionize in solution and do not conduct electricity. Strong bases, however, ionize completely in solution, making them strong electrolytes.
d. Also strong acids: Strong bases and strong acids are two distinct types of compounds. Strong bases ionize completely in solution to produce hydroxide ions, while strong acids ionize completely to produce hydrogen ions (H+). They are not the same.
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal?
A. Salt and water
B. Carbon dioxide and water
C. Oxygen gas and water
D. Salt and hydrogen
The Correct Answer is D.A) Salt and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide or a metal oxide. When metals react with acids, hydrogen gas is typically produced along with a salt, not water.
B) Carbon dioxide and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate, not a metal. When carbonates react with acids, carbon dioxide gas is produced along with water and a salt.
C) Oxygen gas and water: This reaction is not typical when an acid reacts with a metal. Metal reactions with acids usually produce hydrogen gas along with a salt.
D) Salt and hydrogen (Correct Answer): When an acid reacts with a metal, hydrogen gas is produced along with a salt. The metal displaces hydrogen ions from the acid, forming a salt, while hydrogen gas is released as a byproduct of the reaction.
Which type of solution is one with a pH of 8?:
A. Acidic
B. Basic
C. Neutral
D. Pure
The Correct Answer is B.a. Acidic: Solutions with pH values below 7 are considered acidic. A pH of 8 indicates a solution that is more basic than acidic.
b. Basic (Correct Answer): Solutions with pH values above 7 are considered basic or alkaline. A pH of 8 indicates a basic solution.
c. Neutral: Solutions with a pH of 7 are considered neutral. A pH of 8 indicates a solution that is slightly basic, not neutral.