Which of the following actions allows for repolarization of a neuron?
A. The inhibition of sodium and potassium pumps, stopping all ion movement into the neuron
B. The opening of sodium channels, allowing sodium to enter the neuron
C. The closing of both sodium and potassium channels to restrict movement of ions into and out of the neuron
D. The opening of potassium channels allowing potassium to leave the neuron
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D. The opening of potassium channels allowing potassium to leave the neuron
The correct answer is d. The opening of potassium channels allowing potassium to leave the neuron. Repolarization of a neuron occurs after an action potential, when the neuron's membrane potential returns to its resting state. This is achieved by the opening of potassium channels, which allows potassium ions to flow out of the neuron. This movement of positively charged ions out of the neuron helps to restore the negative membrane potential.
A. The inhibition of sodium and potassium pumps would not allow for repolarization because these pumps are necessary for maintaining the resting membrane potential.
B. The opening of sodium channels would cause depolarization, not repolarization.
C. The closing of both sodium and potassium channels would restrict ion movement, but it would not allow for repolarization.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is D.
More Questions on TEAS 7 Science Exam 3
Question 1:
Which of the following is an efferent neuron that is responsible for releasing a neurotransmiter that stimulates a muscle cell to contract?
A. Motor neuron
B. Interneuron
C. Sensory neuron
D. Neuroglia
The Correct Answer is A.An efferent neuron that is responsible for releasing a neurotransmitter that stimulates a muscle cell to contract is a motor neuron ². Motor neurons carry signals from the brain to the peripheral nervous system in order to initiate an action. The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is released by motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscle, causing the muscle to contract ³.
The other options are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the type of neuron responsible for releasing a neurotransmitter that stimulates a muscle cell to contract. Interneurons are found within the central nervous system and facilitate communication between sensory and motor neurons. Sensory neurons carry information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system. Neuroglia are support cells for neurons and do not transmit nerve impulses.
Question 2:
Punnet Square
An organism with an unknown genotype is crossed with another organism that shows the recessive trait (aa). The Punnet square below shows the results. Which of the following is the unknown genotype?
|
|
Unknown |
Unkonwn |
|
a |
Aa |
aa |
|
a |
Aa |
aa |
A. a
B. Aa
C. aa
D. AA
The Correct Answer is B.The unknown genotype is Aa. This can be inferred from the Punnet square, which shows that half of the offspring are Aa and half are aa. This indicates that the unknown parent must have one dominant allele (A) and one recessive allele (a), making its genotype Aa.
The other options are not correct because they do not match the results shown in the Punnet square. If the unknown genotype was aa or AA, all of the offspring would have the same genotype as their parent. If the unknown genotype was a, it would not be a valid genotype as it only has one allele.
Question 3:
Which of the following is a protein present in blood plasma?
A. Monocytes
B. Platelets
C. Fibrinogen
D. Lymphocytes
The Correct Answer is C.The correct answer is c. Fibrinogen. Fibrinogen is a protein present in blood plasma that plays a key role in blood clotting. When an injury occurs and bleeding begins, fibrinogen is converted into fibrin, which forms a mesh-like structure that helps to trap blood cells and form a clot.
A. Monocytes are a type of white blood cell, not a protein present in blood plasma.
B. Platelets are cell fragments that play a role in blood clotting, but they are not a protein present in blood plasma.
D. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell, not a protein present in blood plasma.
Question 4:
A researcher wants to gather data on the average wing strength of all birds found in the American Northwest. The researcher only has one small net, so all large birds were excluded from the study. The researcher's results were different than expected, but he believes his data include enough birds to estimate the strength of all birds. For which of the following reasons should this data be rejected?
A. Data contradict the control group
B. Data were different than expected
C. Data are biased by the methodology
D. Data cannot be displayed graphically
The Correct Answer is C.The correct answer is c. Data are biased by the methodology. The researcher's data should be rejected because they are biased by the methodology used to gather them. By only using a small net, the researcher excluded all large birds from the study. This means that the data do not accurately represent the average wing strength of all birds found in the American Northwest.
A. The data contradicting the control group is not a reason to reject the data in this case.
B. The data being different than expected is not a reason to reject the data in this case.
D. The data not being able to be displayed graphically is not a reason to reject the data in this case.
Question 5:
Hikers who found a human body at high altitude in the Italian Alps thought the man had died recently, but tests indicated he was shot with an arrow more than 5,300 years ago. Which of the following would be the best reason for prolonged preservation of the body?
A. The ultraviolet rays at such a high altitude caused all his molecules to be preserved.
B. The food that the person ate contained toxins that killed the bacteria that would have otherwise destroyed the body.
C. The body was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after he died and remained frozen until it was found.
D. The arrow wound caused blood to flow out of the body which led the enzymes that would break down tissue to be cleared from the body.
The Correct Answer is C.The best reason for the prolonged preservation of the body is that it was frozen in the cold temperature of the Alps shortly after death and remained frozen until it was found. Freezing can preserve a body by slowing down or stopping the decomposition process.
The other options are not as likely to have caused prolonged preservation.
Ultraviolet rays can damage molecules rather than preserve them. Toxins in food would not necessarily kill all bacteria that could cause decomposition. Blood loss from an arrow wound would not necessarily clear all enzymes that could break down tissue.
Question 6:
Both digestion and absorption happen in which of the following parts of the digestive system?
A. Gallbladder
B. Esophagus
C. Stomach
D. Small intestine
The Correct Answer is D.Both digestion and absorption happen in the small intestine ¹. Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into small molecules that the body can absorb and use for energy, growth, and repair ¹. The final products of digestion are absorbed from the digestive tract, primarily in the small intestine ¹.
The other options are not correct because they do not accurately describe where both digestion and absorption happen in the digestive system. The gallbladder stores bile produced by the liver, but does not play a direct role in digestion or absorption. The esophagus transports food from the mouth to the stomach, but does not play a direct role in digestion or absorption. The stomach plays a role in digestion by churning food and mixing it with gastric juices, but most absorption occurs in the small intestine.
Question 7:
Which of the following is the function of a totipotent cell?
A. Develops into any kind of cell
B. Fights infectious diseases
C. Aids in the maturation of sex cells
D. Carries electrical impulses
The Correct Answer is A.The function of a totipotent cell is to develop into any kind of cell ¹. Totipotent cells have the capacity to produce all adult cell types and can enter the germ line, contributing genetic material to succeeding generations ?. They have the ability to self-replicate, producing daughter cells that are identical to the parent ?.
The other options are incorrect because they do not accurately describe the function of a totipotent cell. Fighting infectious diseases, aiding in the maturation of sex cells, and carrying electrical impulses are not functions performed by totipotent cells.
Question 8:
Which of the following organs filters excess solutes from the blood?
A. Stomach
B. Spleen
C. Kidney
D. Gallbladder
The Correct Answer is C.The organ that filters excess solutes from the blood is the kidney ¹. The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine, just below the rib cage ². They are responsible for filtering waste products and excess fluid from the blood and excreting them in the form of urine ².
The other options are not correct because they do not accurately describe the organ that filters excess solutes from the blood. The stomach, spleen, and gallbladder do not filter excess solutes from the blood.
Question 9:
Genetic information describing the characteristics of an organism is found in which of the following?
A. Nuclei
B. Membranes
C. Cilia
D. Ribosomes
The Correct Answer is A.The correct answer is a. Nuclei. Genetic information describing the characteristics of an organism is found in the nuclei of its cells. The nucleus contains the organism's DNA, which carries the genetic information that determines its traits.
b. Membranes are structures that surround and enclose cells and organelles, but they do not contain genetic information.
c. Cilia are hair-like structures that protrude from the surface of some cells and are involved in movement, but they do not contain genetic information.
d. Ribosomes are organelles that are involved in protein synthesis, but they do not contain genetic information.
Question 10:
A study found two processes, Process A and Process B, to be correlated. Which of the following is true for these processes?
A. The study indicates that Process A causes Process B.
B. The study cannot indicate whether Process A and B have a positive relationship.
C. The study does not indicate a causal relationship between the processes.
D. The study cannot indicate whether Process A and B have a negative relationship.
The Correct Answer is C.The correct answer is c.
The study does not indicate a causal relationship between the processes. A correlation between two processes means that there is a statistical relationship between them, but it does not necessarily imply causation. In other words, just because two processes are correlated does not mean that one causes the other.
b.The study does not indicate that Process A causes Process B.
b.The study can indicate whether Process A and B have a positive relationship if the correlation is positive.
d. The study can indicate whether Process A and B have a negative relationship if the correlation is negative.