A. Oxygen, atomic number 8
B. Fluorine, atomic number 19
C. Helium, atomic number 2
D. Fluorine, atomic number 9
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Fluorine has a high electronegativity, and therefore, it has a strong attraction for electrons and tends to gain electrons to form anions. Therefore, it is more likely to become a cation by losing an electron.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is D.
Which of the following structures drains oxygen-depleted blood from the kidneys?
A. Renal artery
B. Urethra
C. Ureter
D. Renal Vein
The Correct Answer is D.The renal vein drains deoxygenated blood from the kidneys to the inferior vena cava.
Parasitic worm infestation is hypothesized to be damaging to the host. However, scientists have recently discovered that worm infestation can relieve the effects of certain autoimmune disorders, in which of the following ways should the hypothesis be modified, given the new findings?
A. Lack of worm infestations is the cause of some autoimmune disorders.
B. Worm infestation reduces the severity of certain autoimmune disorders
C. Worm infestation prevents the body from immune malfunction
D. Worm infestations exacerbate the body's immune reactions
The Correct Answer is B.The new findings can be used to generate a hypothesis to reflect the beneficial aspect of worm infestations in certain autoimmune disorders, indicating that they can help reduce the severity of the condition.
Which of the following cells transfers pigment granules to adjacent epidermal cells?
A. Melanocytes
B. Merkel cells
C. Langerhans cells
D. Keratinocytes
The Correct Answer is A.Melanocytes are specialized skin cells that produce melanin, which is the protective skin-darkening pigment. They are found mainly in the epidermis, though they occur elsewhere, such as in the hair.
Which of the following describes one difference between skeletal muscles and cardiac muscles?
A. Skeletal muscles are found in the viscera whereas cardiac muscles are found in the cranium
B. Cardiac muscles contain intercalated discs, whereas skeletal muscles do not
C. Cardiac muscles are voluntary, whereas skeletal muscles are involuntary
D. Skeletal muscles are autorhythmic, whereas cardiac muscles are not
The Correct Answer is B.Cardiac muscles have intercalated discs that enable them to contract in a coordinated manner. Skeletal muscles do not have intercalated discs, as their contraction is under voluntary control and does not require the same level of synchronization seen in the involuntary contraction of cardiac muscle.
Which of the following nucleotides is only found in RNA?
A. Guanine
B. Thymine
C. Uracil
D. Adenine
The Correct Answer is C.Uracil is the nucleotide that is only found in RNA. The other nucleotides are found in both DNA and RNA
A slice of apple left on a table slowly goes brown due to an enzymatic reaction. Dipping the apple slice in lemon juice prevents it from browning Which of the following best explains this result?
A. Lemon juice has enzymes which reverse the browning reaction
B. Lemon juice has a pH which inactivates the enzymes
C. Lemon juice functions to bleach the brown material
D. Lemon juice functions to dilute the brown material
The Correct Answer is B.Browning of the apple surface is due to the action of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase. Lemon juice is acidic and lowers the pH of the apple's surface. This inactivates the enzyme polyphenol oxidase, which works best at a neutral pH. This in turn reduces the browning action on the apple.
Which of the following processes causes most of the carbon dioxide from the blood to move into the alveoli?
A. Passive transport using carrier proteins
B. Conversion to carbon monoxide
C. Active transport using energy
D. Diffusion down a concentration gradient
The Correct Answer is D.Most of the carbon dioxide from the blood moves into the alveoli through the process of diffusion down a concentration gradient. In the lungs, there is a higher concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood compared to the alveoli. Its molecules, therefore, move from an area of higher concentration (blood) to an area of lower concentration (alveoli) until equilibrium is reached. This is a passive process and does not require energy or carrier proteins.
The vermiform appendix extends from the region of the large intestine known as which of the following?
A. jejunum
B. Rectum
C. Cecum
D. Achi
The Correct Answer is C.The vermiform appendix is a small, finger-like projection that extends from the cecum, which is the first part of the large intestine.
Which of the following is the term given to the sequence of nucleotides that contains the information to make a specific protein molecule?
A. Locus
B. Promoter
C. Operator
D. Gene
The Correct Answer is D.A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or polypeptide.
A strand of DNA bases reads 5' AGCTAGCGT 3, what would the sequence of bases on the contemporary strand read?
A. 3' STOGUTCGCU
B. 5' AGCTAGCGT S
C. 3' SUCGAUCICA
D. 3' TCGATCGCA 5'
The Correct Answer is D.The complementary strand of DNA is formed by pairing complementary bases. In DNA, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C). Additionally, RNA uses uracil (U) instead of thymine.
Given the sequence 5' AGCTAGCGT 3', the complementary strand would read:
3' TCGATCGCA 5'