A. Layer of polysaccharides outside the plasma membrane of cells
B. Abnormal Infectious proteins
C. Specialized structures within a cell
D. Collection of tissues used to serve a specific function
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Organelles are specialized structures within a cell that serve a specific function. For example, mitochondria supply energy to the cell by generating adenosine triphosphate. Ribosomes are the site for protein synthesis. The nucleus is in charge of all of the activities of the cell.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is C.
Which of the following are formed when the plasma membrane surrounds a particle outside of the cell?
A. Golgi bodies
B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C. Secretory vesicles
D. Endocytic vesicles
The Correct Answer is D.Endocytosis is a process by which cells absorb larger molecules or even tiny organisms, such as bacteria, that would not be able to pass through the plasma membrane. Endocytic vesicles containing molecules from the extracellular environment often undergo further processing once they enter the cell.
Which of the heart chambers is the largest?
A. Left atrium
B. Right atrium
C. Left ventricle
D. Right ventricle
The Correct Answer is C.Of the four heart chambers, the left ventricle is the largest. When it contracts, it pushes blood out to the organs and extremities of the body. The right ventricle pushes blood into the lungs. The atria, on the other hand, receive blood from the outlying parts of the body and transport it into the ventricles.
The basic process works as follows: Oxygen-poor blood fills the right atrium and is pumped into the right ventricle. from which it is pumped into the pulmonary artery and on to the lungs. In the lungs, this blood is oxygenated. The blood then reenters the heart at the left atrium, which, when full, pumps into the left ventricle. When the left ventricle is full, blood is pushed into the aorta and on to the organs and extremities of the body.
Which structure of the nervous system carries action potential in the direction of a synapse?
A. Cell body
B. Axon
C. Neuron
D. Myelin
The Correct Answer is B.Axons carry action potential in the direction of synapses. Axons are the long, fiber-like structures that carry information from neurons. Electrical impulses travel along the body of the axons, some of which are up to a foot long.
A neuron is a type of cell that is responsible for sending information throughout the body. There are several types of neurons, including muscle neurons, which respond to instructions for movement; sensory neurons, which transmit information about the external world; and interneurons, which relay messages between neurons. Myelin is a fat that coats the nerves and ensures the accurate transmission of information in the nervous system.
Your class is competing with another class to determine who has the best plant color. Your class decides to test a couple of solutions to determine which would be best for overall plant color before competing. Starting with four sets of four plants, the class decides to water each set with a different solution. They water them once a week with 200ml of the following solutions: water, diet soda, 1% bleach solution, and a 1% salt solution. All plants are placed in the window that receives the recommended amount of light. After a month of testing, your class notices that only two plants are alive, but one of those two does not look healthy. Based on these results, which of the following would be a good hypothesis to design the next experiment around?
A. Plants need more than 200 mL of liquid per week.
B. Salt has no impact on plant health.
C. Salt contains useful nutrients for plants.
D. A combination of the solutions tested will produce healthier plants.
The Correct Answer is A.Since only 2 out of the initial 16 plants survived the whole month, it would be reasonable to test variables that were shared by all the plants. As such, the amount of liquid the plants need would be a good follow-up experiment. It is not specified as to which plants survived, so there is not enough information to think that testing the impact of salt is warranted. Additionally, since almost all the plants died, it is not reasonable to assume that a combination of the solutions would have an impact.
Which of the below is the best definition for the term circulation?
A. The transport of oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues via the cardiovascular system
B. The force exerted by blood against a unit area of the blood vessel walls
C. The branching air passageways inside the lungs
D. The process of breathing in
The Correct Answer is A.Circulation is transporting oxygen and other nutrients to the tissues via the cardiovascular system. Choice B refers to blood pressure. Bronchi are the branching airways inside the lungs, while inhalation refers to the process of breathing in.
Every child in a certain family has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Based on this evidence, what possible conclusion can be drawn about ASD?
A. ASD may be lethal.
B. ASD may be genetic.
C. ASD is related to traditional nuclear family structures,
D. No conclusion can be drawn based on this evidence.
The Correct Answer is B.The evidence says that every child in a certain family has been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). All of these children have genetic commonalities. Therefore, ASD may be genetic.
The evidence does not mention whether the children died from ASD. Therefore, no conclusion can be drawn that ASD may be lethal. Furthermore, the sample size of the evidence is much too small to suggest that ASD is related to traditional nuclear family structures.
Which of the following orbitals is the last to fill?
A. 1s
B. 3s
C. 4p
D. 6s
The Correct Answer is D.Of these orbitals, the last to fill is 6s.
Orbitals fill in the following order: 1s, 25, 2p. 35, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 55, 4d, 5p. 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p. 7s, 5f, 6d, and 7p. The number is the orbital number, and the letter is the sublevel identification. Sublevels has one orbital and can hold a maximum of two electrons. Sublevel p has three orbitals and can hold a maximum of six electrons. Sublevel d has five orbitals and can hold a maximum of 10 electrons, Sublevel f has seven orbitals and can hold a maximum of 14 electrons.
Which of the following does NOT obey the law of independent assortment?
A. Two genes next to each other on a chromosome
B. Two genes on opposite ends of a chromosome
C. Flower color and height in snapdragons
D. Seed color and flower color in peas
The Correct Answer is A.Two genes next to each other (or within a specified close distance) are said to be linked. Linked genes do not follow the law of Independent assortment because they are too close together to be segregated from each other in meiosis.
Which is NOT a type of protein?
A. Fibrous
B. Membrane
C. Globular
D. Unsaturated
The Correct Answer is D.There are three types of proteins: fibrous, membrane, and globular. Fibrous or structural proteins consist of collagen, elastin, and keratin. Membrane proteins are interactive and anchored to a membrane. Globular proteins consist of functional proteins like enzymes, hemoglobin, and insulin.
Therefore unsaturated is the correct answer.
What is the name for the physical presentation of an organism's genes?
A. Phenotype
B. Species
C. Phylum
D. Genotype
The Correct Answer is A.Phenotype is the physical presentation of an organism's genes. In other words, the phenotype is the physical characteristics of the organism. Phenotype is often contrasted with genotype, the genetic makeup of an organism. The genotype of the organism is not visible in its presentation, although some of the characteristics encoded in the genes have to do with physical presentation. A phylum is a group of classes that are closely related. A species is a group of like organisms that are capable of breeding together and producing similar offspring.