A. Inferior vena cava
B. Pulmonary vein
C. Pulmonary artery
D. Superior vena cava
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Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
Superior and inferior vena cava bring in deoxygenated blood from all other parts of the body to the heart.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is B.
Which of these infectious agents do not have nucleic acid?
A. viroids
B. viruses
C. bacteria
D. prions
The Correct Answer is D.Gel electrophoresis
To separate genomic DNA fragments by size, which of these laboratory methods is most useful?
A. Filtration
B. Titration
C. Electrophoresis
D. Spectrophotometry
The Correct Answer is C.Electrophoresis is a lab method that is commonly used to separate charge molecules based on their size. Some of the charged molecules include DNA, RNA, and proteins.
Which of the following vessels carries oxygenated blood?
A. Inferior vena cava
B. Pulmonary vein
C. Pulmonary artery
D. Superior vena cava
The Correct Answer is B.Pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
Superior and inferior vena cava bring in deoxygenated blood from all other parts of the body to the heart.
Lithium has an atomic number of 3 and a mass number of 7.
Which of the following is the number of neutrons in a lithium atom?
A. 4
B. 7
C. 12
D. 3
The Correct Answer is A.The atom is identified by the atomic number in the periodic table. The atomic number is equal to the number of protons and mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. Thus, to find how many neutrons are in lithium atom we use the formula below.
Mass number = number of protons + number of neutrons.
Letting n be number of neutrons in the lithium atom, we have
7=3+n
Rearranging the above equation
3+n=7
n=7-3
n=4
Thus, lithium atom has 4 neutrons.
Which of the following statements best supports the hypothesis that viruses can cause cancer?
A. Cellular DNA has sequences related to viral sequences
B. Cancerous and normal cells share genetic sequences
C. Genes that regulate cell division are found in some viruses
D. Viruses and cancer cells both replicate rapidly
The Correct Answer is C.Cancer is a condition caused by unregulated division of abnormal cells in parts of the body. For a virus to survive in an organism, it must enter into the host’s cell and take control of the cell’s most activities in order to be able to reproduce and replicate.
Some of the viruses achieve this by inserting their DNA or RNA to that of the host cell. This has a highly likelihood of affecting the DNA or RNA of a host (living organism) which alters their genes, which may lead to host cells becoming cancerous.
For this reason, viruses can cause cancer because the genes that regulate cell division in host cell are found in some viruses.
Pathogens
Which of the following microorganisms lack their own metabolic pathways and can only reproduce inside of a host cell?
A. Bacteria
B. Viruses
C. Helminths
D. Protozoa
The Correct Answer is B.The disease-causing microorganisms are known as pathogens, which include bacteria, fungi, protozoa, worms, viruses and prions. These organisms have distinguishing cell structures from each other. The most notable difference between viruses and other pathogens is that viruses lack a metabolism mechanism of their own and ability to produce proteins encoded by their DNA or RNA. However, they viruses rely on machinery of the host cell to produce their proteins and replicate their genomes.
Building blocks of proteins
Which of the following organic molecules contain both an amine and carboxyl group?
A. Lipids
B. Proteins
C. Cellulose
D. Chitin
The Correct Answer is B.The basic building block of the protein is ammonia, which comprises of ammino group -NH2 and a carboxyl group, -COOH.
Which of Mendel's laws or principles states that gametes carry one allele for each trait?
A. law of segregation
B. independent assortment
C. gene segregation
D. phenotype assortment
The Correct Answer is A.In a certain plant, red flowers are dominant over white flowers.
A plant heterozygous for red flowers and a plant with white flowers are crossed.
Which of the following is the expected proportion of phenotypes in the next generation?
A. 3 red, 1 white
B. 1 white, 3 red
C. 2 red, 2 white
D. 4 white
The Correct Answer is C.2 red, 2 white.
In this cross, the plant heterozygous for red flowers has the genotype Rr (where R represents the dominant red allele and r represents the recessive white allele), while the plant with white flowers has the genotype rr.
The possible offspring from this cross would have the genotypes Rr (red), Rr (red), rr (white), and rr (white), resulting in a 1:1 ratio of red to white flowers.
The Life Cycle of HIV
Which of the following allows the AIDS virus, which contains RNA, to insert viral DNA into the DNA of a host T-cell after the AIDS virus enters the cell?
A. Receptor proteins located on the surface of the virus
B. The protein that makes up the capsid of the virus
C. Reverse transcriptase, an enzyme encoded by the virus
D. The phospholipids found on the envelope of the virus
The Correct Answer is C.The AIDS virus (HIV virus) is Class VI or Group VI in the Baltimore Classification. Based on the Baltimore Classification, this specifically involves the reverse transcriptase enzyme and it is encoded by the virus.
This is the enzyme that will produce DNA molecules from the viral RNA. This is the mechanism involved where it will use the reverse transcriptase enzyme to insert viral DNA into the genetic material of the host cell.