A. Iron
B. Iron sulfide
C. Copper chloride
D. Sulfur
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A. Iron (Correct Answer): Iron can react with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas according to the following reaction:
2HCl + Fe => FeCl2 + H2
So, adding iron to dilute hydrochloric acid would produce hydrogen gas.
B. Iron sulfide: Iron sulfide may react with hydrochloric acid, but it does not directly produce hydrogen gas. The reaction would likely produce hydrogen sulfide gas instead.
C. Copper chloride: Copper chloride does not react with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. The reaction between copper chloride and hydrochloric acid would likely produce copper chloride and hydrogen chloride gas.
D. Sulfur: Sulfur does not react with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. The reaction between sulfur and hydrochloric acid would likely produce hydrogen sulfide gas.
Therefore, the Correct Answer is A.
What do bases react with?
A. Acids to produce salts and water
B. Salts to produce acids and water
C. Water to produce acids and salts
D. Neither acids, salts, nor water
The Correct Answer is A.A) Acids to produce salts and water (Correct Answer): Bases react with acids to form salts and water. This reaction is a common characteristic of bases, where they accept protons (H+) from acids to form water and salts.
B) Salts to produce acids and water: Bases typically do not react with salts to produce acids and water. The reaction between a base and a salt is not a common reaction in chemistry.
C) Water to produce acids and salts: Bases do not react with water to produce acids and salts. Bases can ionize in water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-) but do not typically react with water to produce acids and salts.
D) Neither acids, salts, nor water: Bases do react with acids to form salts and water, making choice D incorrect. Bases do not react with salts or water to produce acids, salts, or water.
A solution with a pH of 5.0 _____.
A. has a hydrogen-ion concentration of 5.0M
B. is neutral
C. has a hydroxide-ion concentration of 1 x 10 –9 M
D. None of the above
The Correct Answer is D.a. is basic: Incorrect. Solutions with pH values less than 7 are acidic, not basic. A pH of 5.0 indicates an acidic solution.
b. has a hydrogen-ion concentration of 5.0M: Incorrect. The pH value does not directly provide information about the concentration of hydrogen ions. pH is a logarithmic scale that measures the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.
c. is neutral: Incorrect. Solutions with a pH of 7 are considered neutral. A pH of 5.0 indicates an acidic solution.
d. has a hydroxide-ion concentration of 1 x 10 –9 M: Incorrect. This statement relates to the calculation of hydroxide-ion concentration in a neutral solution using the Kw value (the ion product of water). It does not directly pertain to the pH value of the solution.
Why is NaCl neutral?
A. Because it contains both hydrogen and hydroxide ions in equal amounts
B. Because it contains hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) in equal amounts
C. Because it does not contain any hydrogen or hydroxide ions
D. Because it dissociates completely in water
The Correct Answer is C.Rationale for each choice:
A) Because it contains both hydrogen and hydroxide ions in equal amounts: This statement is incorrect. NaCl (sodium chloride) does not contain hydrogen or hydroxide ions. It dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-) in water, not hydrogen or hydroxide ions.
B) Because it contains hydrogen ions (H+) and hydroxide ions (OH-) in equal amounts: This statement is incorrect. NaCl does not contain hydrogen or hydroxide ions. In aqueous solution, NaCl dissociates into sodium ions and chloride ions, not hydrogen or hydroxide ions.
C) Because it does not contain any hydrogen or hydroxide ions (Correct Answer): NaCl is a neutral compound composed of sodium ions (Na+) and chloride ions (Cl-). It does not contain any hydrogen or hydroxide ions, so it is neutral in aqueous solution.
D) Because it dissociates completely in water: NaCl does dissociate in water, but its dissociation does not involve the generation of hydrogen or hydroxide ions. It dissociates into sodium ions and chloride ions, which do not contribute to the pH of the solution. Therefore, the completeness of dissociation does not determine its neutrality.
What is produced when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate?
A. Salt and water
B. Carbon dioxide and water
C. Oxygen gas and water
D. Salt and hydrogen gas
The Correct Answer is B.A) Salt and water: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal hydroxide or a metal oxide, not with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate.
B) Carbon dioxide and water (Correct Answer): When an acid reacts with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate, carbon dioxide gas is produced along with water and a salt. The carbonates decompose into carbon dioxide gas, water, and a salt when reacting with acids.
C) Oxygen gas and water: This reaction is not typical when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate. Metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates generally do not produce oxygen gas when reacting with acids.
D) Salt and hydrogen gas: This reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a metal, not with a metal carbonate or metal hydrogen carbonate. When metals react with acids, hydrogen gas is typically produced along with a salt.
Why do farmers use ammonium salts on their fields?
A. To prevent soil erosion
B. To increase soil acidity
C. To help plants grow (as fertilizers)
D. To reduce soil salinity
The Correct Answer is C.A) To prevent soil erosion: While certain soil management practices may involve measures to prevent erosion, the use of ammonium salts specifically does not directly relate to preventing soil erosion.
B) To increase soil acidity: Ammonium salts, such as ammonium sulfate, can actually decrease soil pH, making the soil more acidic. However, this is not typically the primary reason farmers use these salts.
C) To help plants grow (as fertilizers) (Correct Answer): Ammonium salts are commonly used as fertilizers because they provide essential nitrogen to plants in a form that they can readily absorb. Nitrogen is a crucial nutrient for plant growth, and ammonium salts serve as a source of nitrogen for crops.
D) To reduce soil salinity: Ammonium salts are not typically used to reduce soil salinity. Salinity issues in soil are typically addressed through other methods such as leaching or soil amendments, rather than the addition of ammonium salts.
What type of reaction occurs between sulfuric acid and ammonia?
A. Oxidation
B. Reduction
C. Neutralization
D. Precipitation
The Correct Answer is C.A) Oxidation: Sulfuric acid and ammonia do not participate in an oxidation-reduction reaction, where one substance loses electrons (oxidation) and another gains electrons (reduction).
B) Reduction: Sulfuric acid and ammonia do not participate in an oxidation-reduction reaction, so reduction is not the correct type of reaction.
C) Neutralization (Correct Answer): When sulfuric acid reacts with ammonia, a neutralization reaction occurs. The acidic hydrogen ions (H+) from sulfuric acid react with the basic ammonia molecules (NH3) to form ammonium ions (NH4+) and sulfate ions (SO4^2-), resulting in the formation of an ammonium sulfate salt.
D) Precipitation: A precipitation reaction occurs when two solutions react to form an insoluble solid (precipitate). However, sulfuric acid and ammonia do not form an insoluble product when they react. Therefore, precipitation is not the correct type of reaction for this scenario.
How can solid lead iodide be separated from solution?
A. Filtration
B. Distillation
C. Decantation
D. Chromatography
The Correct Answer is A.A) Filtration: Solid lead iodide can be separated from the solution using filtration. Filtration involves passing the mixture through a filter paper or porous material, allowing the solid particles to be retained while the liquid passes through.
B) Distillation: Distillation is a process used to separate components of a mixture based on differences in their boiling points. It is not typically used to separate solid lead iodide from a solution.
C) Decantation: Decantation involves carefully pouring off the liquid portion of a mixture, leaving the solid behind. While it can be used to separate solid and liquid phases, it may not be as effective as filtration for separating fine solid particles like lead iodide.
D) Chromatography: Chromatography is a technique used to separate and analyze mixtures based on differences in the components' distribution between two phases: a stationary phase and a mobile phase. It is not typically used for separating solid lead iodide from a solution.
Which type of solution is one with a pH of 8?:
A. Acidic
B. Basic
C. Neutral
D. Pure
The Correct Answer is B.a. Acidic: Solutions with pH values below 7 are considered acidic. A pH of 8 indicates a solution that is more basic than acidic.
b. Basic (Correct Answer): Solutions with pH values above 7 are considered basic or alkaline. A pH of 8 indicates a basic solution.
c. Neutral: Solutions with a pH of 7 are considered neutral. A pH of 8 indicates a solution that is slightly basic, not neutral.
:pH is a measure of how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from:
A. 0–7
B. 7–14
C. 0–14
D. 1–10
The Correct Answer is C.A. 0–7: This range corresponds to acidic solutions on the pH scale. A pH value below 7 indicates acidity.
B. 7–14: This range corresponds to basic solutions on the pH scale. A pH value above 7 indicates alkalinity.
C. 0–14 (Correct Answer): The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14, covering the entire spectrum of acidity and alkalinity. A pH value of 7 is considered neutral, while values below 7 indicate acidity and values above 7 indicate alkalinity.
D. 1–10: This range does not encompass the full range of the pH scale. The pH scale extends beyond 10 for alkaline solutions and below 1 for highly acidic solutions. Therefore, this choice is incorrect.
Which one of the following must be added to dilute hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen?
A. Iron
B. Iron sulfide
C. Copper chloride
D. Sulfur
The Correct Answer is A.A. Iron (Correct Answer): Iron can react with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas according to the following reaction:
2HCl + Fe => FeCl2 + H2
So, adding iron to dilute hydrochloric acid would produce hydrogen gas.
B. Iron sulfide: Iron sulfide may react with hydrochloric acid, but it does not directly produce hydrogen gas. The reaction would likely produce hydrogen sulfide gas instead.
C. Copper chloride: Copper chloride does not react with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. The reaction between copper chloride and hydrochloric acid would likely produce copper chloride and hydrogen chloride gas.
D. Sulfur: Sulfur does not react with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas. The reaction between sulfur and hydrochloric acid would likely produce hydrogen sulfide gas.